1 This file records noteworthy changes.
4 * Added const_preorder_iterator and const_postorder_iterator classes (and
5 associated methods ex::pre/postorder_begin/end()) providing tree traversal
7 * Fixed the LaTeX output of the varidx class.
8 * Symbolic functions without any eval(), evalf() etc. functions now work
10 * Added method matrix::rank().
11 * Added function resultant().
14 * Fixed infinite recursion in atan2_evalf() and improved atan2_eval().
15 * Added automatic evaluations for trigonometric functions with negative
16 arguments (e.g. sin(-2) -> -sin(2)).
17 * Fixed a static initialization order goof-up.
18 * Fixed various bugs in series expansion.
21 * Added a structure<T> template class for the easy creation of user-defined
23 * Added support for (acyclic) visitors, to allow cleaner implementations of
25 * Added a const_iterator class that can be used instead of op()/nops().
26 * Completely revamped the implementation of expression output. It is now
27 possible to add new output formats, to change the behavior of predefined
28 formats at run-time, and to have different output styles for algebraic
30 * Symbols can be made non-commutative.
31 * Added a method ex::conjugate() and a function conjugate() for complex
32 conjugation. Symbols can be declared as real or complex-valued.
33 * Improved the speed of subs(), normal(), to_rational() and to_polynomial()
34 by the use of maps instead of lists. The old forms
35 subs(const lst & ls, const lst & lr, unsigned options)
36 to_rational/to_polynomial(lst & repl)
37 are still available for compatibility, but using the new forms
38 subs(const exmap & m, unsigned options)
39 to_rational/to_polynomial(exmap & repl)
40 is more efficient, especially when the number of replacements is large.
41 * quo(), rem(), prem(), sprem(), decomp_rational(), unit(), content(),
42 primpart() and matrix::charpoly() now take a "const ex &" instead of a
44 * Redundant expressions (two ex pointing to different objects are found to be
45 equal in compare()) are now actively deleted/fused to conserve memory and
46 speed up subsequent comparisons. This behavior can be suppressed on a
47 per-object level with status_flags::not_shareable. Lists and matrices are
48 not shareable by default.
49 * Lots of internal streamlining and optimizations.
50 * Caveats for class implementors:
51 - basic::copy() and basic::destroy() are gone; classes derived from
52 basic can use the defaults for the assignment operator and copy
54 - basic::subs(), basic::normal(), basic::to_rational() and
55 basic::to_polynomial() take 'exmap' objects instead of lists.
56 - basic::subs() now descends into subexpressions (if accessible via
57 nops()/op()/let_op()). If you have a custom implementation of subs()
58 that calls basic::subs() after substituting subexpressions, this needs
59 to be changed to a call to subs_one_level().
60 - lst::thislst() and exprseq::thisexprseq() renamed to thiscontainer().
61 - thiscontainer() and associated constructors now take a std::auto_ptr.
62 - Overloading basic::print() is now deprecated. You should use
63 print_func<>() class options instead.
66 * Fixed a bug in canonicalize_clifford().
67 * Series expansion now works predictably. All terms with the exponent of the
68 expansion variable smaller than the given order are calculated exactly. If
69 the series is not terminating, the Order function is (at least) of the given
72 1.1.6 (22 January 2004)
73 * Added a function option "dummy()" which means "no options". This simplifies
74 the implementation of symbolic functions which are not to be further
76 * Removed a bug in the numerical evaluation of Li() that caused the system
77 to hang for certain parameter combinations.
78 * Fixed a bug in the calculation of hash values for indices that could lead
79 to wrong results or bogus error messages from simplify_indexed().
80 * Fixed a bug in the evaluation of harmonic polylogarithms for complex
81 arguments with positive imaginary part.
83 1.1.5 (5 November 2003)
84 * Harmonic polylogarithms now numerically evaluate for arbitrary arguments
85 (parameter must still be positive integers).
86 * The zeta function now can also be given a lst as a parameter in which case
87 it becomes a multiple zeta value. The use of mZeta is deprecated.
88 * The order of parameters for the multiple polylogarithm has been corrected.
89 * Documentation for the nested sums functions zeta, harmonic polylog, multiple
90 polylog, etc. has been added.
92 1.1.4 (17 October 2003)
93 * Lists and matrices can now be initialized from comma-separated lists of
94 expressions, like this:
104 This is both faster and produces much smaller code than the old constructors
105 lst(ex, ex, ...) and matrix(unsigned, unsigned, lst), especially in the case
106 of matrices, and is now the recommended way to create these objects.
107 * The function mZeta now evaluates much faster for arbitrary parameters. The
108 harmonic and multiple polylogarithms evaluate considerably faster and check
109 for convergence. The order of parameters for the harmonic polylogarithm
112 1.1.3 (22 August 2003)
113 * Added new symbolic functions for better integration with nestedsums:
114 (multiple) polylogarithm Li(), Nielsen's generalized polylogarithm S(),
115 harmonic polylogarithm H(), and multiple zeta value mZeta().
116 * New exhashmap<T> template intended as a drop-in replacement for
117 std::map<ex, T, ex_is_less> using GiNaC's hashing algorithms.
119 1.1.2 (11 August 2003)
120 * Fixed a bug in the unarchiving of sums and products: terms were not
121 reordered in a canonical way.
122 * Fixed a bug in normal()/numer_denom(): denominator was not made unit
123 normal if it was a simple number.
124 * Improved the speed of subs() in some cases.
127 * lst (and exprseq) provide iterators for read-only element access. For
128 sequential access this is one order faster than using op().
129 * Implemented relational::subs() (this was done in 1.0.9 but inadvertently
130 omitted from the 1.1 branch).
131 * pole_error and do_taylor are available to library users.
132 * Added on-line help and Tab-completion for print(), iprint(), print_latex()
133 and print_csrc() in ginsh.
136 * Removed deprecated macros is_ex_a, is_ex_exactly_a and friends for good.
137 * The scalar_products mechanism allows the specification of an index dimension.
138 * Removed dirac_gamma6/7().
139 * Added ex::to_polynomial().
140 * subs() accepts an optional "options" argument. The option
141 subs_option::subs_algebraic enables "smart" substitutions in products and
143 * Added stream manipulators "dflt", "latex", "python", "python_repr", "tree",
144 "csrc", "csrc_float", "csrc_double", "csrc_cl_N", "index_dimensions" and
145 "no_index_dimensions" to control the output format. Calling basic::print()
146 directly is now deprecated.
147 * Made the hashing more simple and efficient.
148 * Caveats for class implementors:
149 - basic::subs(): third argument changed from "bool" to "unsigned"
150 - unarchiving constructor and basic::unarchive(): "const" removed from
152 - basic::let_op() should only be implemented if write access to
153 subexpressions is desired
154 - simplify_ncmul() renamed to eval_ncmul()
155 - simplified_ncmul() renamed to hold_ncmul()
156 - nonsimplified_ncmul() renamed to reeval_ncmul()
158 1.0.14 (1 March 2003)
159 * Improved the C-source output: complex numbers are printed correctly (using
160 the STL complex<> template or cln::complex()), rational numbers use cl_RA()
161 in the CLN output, and small integers are printed in a more compact format
162 (e.g. "2.0" instead of "2.0000000e+00").
163 * function_options::set_return_type() and function_options::do_not_evalf_params()
166 1.0.13 (27 January 2003)
167 * Contracting epsilon tensors with Euclidean indices now works.
168 * Improved dummy index symmetrization in sums.
169 * Added dirac_gammaL/R(), which can be used instead of dirac_gamma6/7()
170 but are single objects, to allow for a more compact notation of Dirac
172 * Powers with negative numeric exponents are printed as fractions in the
174 * Added symbolic_matrix() for the convenient creation of matrices filled
176 * Added collect_common_factors() which collects common factors from the
178 * simplify_indexed() converts "gamma~mu*p.mu" to "p\".
180 1.0.12 (30 October 2002)
181 * Fixed a bug in power::expand() that could produce invalid expressions.
182 * The input parser no longer ignores extra data following accepted input.
183 * Improved the CLN C-source output (integers are printed as integers, and
184 floating point numbers include the precision).
185 * Fixed a problem in the LaTeX-output of negative fractions.
186 * Added print_latex() and print_csrc() to ginsh.
187 * The sprem() function is now public.
189 1.0.11 (18 September 2002)
190 * Fixed a possible memory corruption in contractions of indexed objects with
191 delta or metric tensors.
192 * Computing the derivative of a power series object with respect to a symbol
193 that is not the expansion variable now works correctly.
194 * Several bugfixes in code generation.
196 1.0.10 (24 July 2002)
197 * Powers of indexed objects are now parenthesized correctly in LaTeX output.
198 * Input parser handles indices (they have to be specified in the same list
200 * Added some limited support for subspaces in the idx and tensor classes.
201 * Fixed a bug in canonicalize() (antisymmetric canonicalization of an already
202 sorted list containing two or more equal objects failed to return 0).
205 * simplify_indexed() now raises/lowers dummy indices to canonicalize the index
206 variance. This allows some simplifications that weren't possible before,
207 like eps~a.b~c~d*X.a*X~b -> 0 and X.a~a-X~a.a -> 0.
208 * Implemented relational::subs().
209 * Fixed bug in simplify_ncmul() for clifford objects.
211 1.0.8 (31 March 2002)
212 * Improvements in memory usage of the expand() methods.
214 1.0.7 (18 March 2002)
215 * Fixed LaTeX output of indexed and matrix objects.
216 * Fixed matrix::pow(n) for n==0 and added helper functions to create unit
217 matrices "ex unit_matrix(unsigned, unsigned)".
220 * "(x+1).subs(x==x-1)" now returns the correct result "x" instead of "x-1".
222 1.0.5 (27 January 2002)
223 * (l)degree(s), coeff(s, n) and collect(s) were extended to accept expressions
224 of any class (except add/mul/ncmul/numeric) for "s". They should even work
225 if "s" is a "power" object, as long as the exponent is non-integer, but with
226 some limitations. For example, you can "collect(a*2^x+b*2^x, 2^x)" to get
227 "(a+b)*2^x", but "degree(2^(3*x), 2^x)" yields 0 instead of 3).
228 * Fixed a small output bug.
230 1.0.4 (24 January 2002)
231 * Speedup in expand().
232 * Faster Bernoulli numbers (Markus Nullmeier).
233 * Some minor bugfixes and documentation updates.
235 1.0.3 (21 December 2001)
236 * Fixed a bug where quo() would call vector::reserve() with a negative
238 * Fix several bugs in code generation.
240 1.0.2 (19 December 2001)
241 * Input parser recognizes "sqrt()", which is also used in the output.
242 * divide(a,b,q) only modifies q if the division succeeds; also, divide(a,b,a)
244 * Fixed small bug in dummy index renaming which could cause it to not
245 recognize renamable indices in some cases.
246 * power::degree() and power::ldegree() throw an exception when encountering
247 a non-integer exponent.
248 * Add output-support for Python bindings.
250 1.0.1 (22 November 2001)
251 * Function sqrfree() handles a few more cases now.
252 * Class relational has real canonical ordering now.
253 * Handle obscene libreadline version numbers when building ginsh.
255 1.0.0 (6 November 2001)
256 * Some internal reorganization resulting in a general speed-up.
257 * The last 3 evaluated expressions in ginsh are now referred to with the
258 tokens '%', '%%' and '%%%'. The old '"', '""' and '"""' remain for
259 compatibility but may be removed in a future version of GiNaC.
261 0.9.4 (20 September 2001)
262 * Functions have better support for external scripting languages.
263 * Interface cleanups and bugfixes.
264 * Fix silly bug in evalf() that prevented things like 2^Pi being computed.
266 0.9.3 (16 August 2001)
267 * series expansion now much more consistent for small order expansion.
268 * lsolve() accepts algorithmic hint as parameter.
271 * Epsilon tensor is more functional.
272 * simplify_indexed() is better at detecting expressions that vanish for
274 * Several little bugfixes and consistency enhancements.
277 * Ctors of class numeric are not explicit any more. All built-in callers for
278 pseudofunctions are now templated and default to ex arguments which relaxes
279 the need for explicit ctors.
280 * New functions/methods:
282 - remove_first(), remove_last(), sort() and unique() for lists
283 - symmetrize_cyclic()
285 * Instead of just totally symmetric or antisymmetric, complex symmetries
286 can now be defined for indexed objects. Symmetries are described by a
287 tree of "symmetry" objects that is constructed with the sy_none(),
288 sy_symm(), sy_anti() and sy_cycl() functions. The symmetry of a function
289 with respect to its arguments can also be defined (this is currently
290 only used for the Beta function).
291 * Generalized map() to take a function object instead of a function pointer.
292 This allows passing an arbitrary number of additional state to the
293 function being called.
294 * color_trace(), dirac_trace(), diff(), expand(), evalf() and normal() work
295 better with container classes, e.g. using color_trace() on a relation will
296 take the trace on both sides, using diff() on a matrix differentiates every
298 * diff() works properly with non-commutative products and indexed objects.
299 * New option flag "expand_function_args" for expand().
300 * Supplement some (now deprecated) macros by inlined template functions:
301 - is_of_type(foo, type) -> is_a<type>(foo)
302 - is_ex_of_type(foo, type) -> is_a<type>(foo)
303 - is_exactly_of_type(foo, type) -> is_exactly_a<type>(foo)
304 - is_ex_exactly_of_type(foo, type) -> is_exactly_a<type>(foo)
305 - ex_to_foobar(baz) -> ex_to<foobar>(baz)
306 * rem(c, p[x], x) (c: numeric, p[x]: polynomial) erroneously returned p[x]
308 * Small bugfixes in pattern matching.
309 * Updated libtool to version 1.4.
312 * In the output and in ginsh, lists are now delimited by { } braces, and
313 matrices are delimited by single [ ] brackets.
314 * simplify_indexed() renames dummy indices so, e.g., "a.i*a.i+a.j*a.j" gets
315 simplified to "2*a.i*a.i" (or "2*a.j*a.j").
316 * New functions/methods:
317 - canonicalize_clifford() (helpful when comparing expressions containing
319 - symmetrize() and antisymmetrize()
320 - numer_denom() (return numerator and denominator in one call)
321 - map() (apply function to subexpressions)
322 - evalm() (evaluate sums, products and integer powers of matrices)
323 * Added a new function match() for performing pattern matching. subs() and
324 has() also accept patterns as arguments. A pattern can be any expression,
325 optionally containing wildcard objects. These are constructed with the
326 call "wild(<unsigned>)" and are denoted as "$0", "$1" etc. in the output
328 * Positive integer powers of non-commutative expressions (except matrices)
329 are automatically expanded.
330 * Removed cint subdirectory, ginaccint is a separate package now due to
331 packaging considerations.
332 * Several little bugfixes.
335 * color and clifford classes are functional and documented.
336 * New "spinidx" class for dotted/undotted indices.
337 * Predefined spinor metric tensor (created by spinor_metric()).
338 * Symbols can have a LaTeX name, e.g. symbol s("s", "\\sigma");
339 * LaTeX output of indexed objects is much nicer.
340 * Fixed some build problems (with recent libreadline).
341 * Semantics of arithmetic operators now follows the C++ rules more strictly.
343 0.8.2 (24 April 2001)
344 * degree(), ldegree(), coeff(), lcoeff(), tcoeff() and collect() work with
345 non-symbols as the second argument in ginsh.
346 * the argument to collect() can be a list of objects in which case the
347 result is either a recursively collected polynomial, or a polynomial in
348 a distributed form with terms like coeff*x1^e1*...*xn^en, as specified by
349 the second argument to collect().
350 * Several bugfixes (including a nasty memory leak in .normal()).
351 * class matrix: solve() doesn't call algorithms redundantly any more and
352 inverse() falls back to solve() which works in more general cases.
354 0.8.1 (16 April 2001)
355 * degree(), ldegree(), coeff(), lcoeff(), tcoeff() and collect() can now
356 be used with constants, functions and indexed expressions as well, so you
357 can use it to collect by powers of Pi or sin(x), or to find the coefficient
360 - it only works with symbols, constants, functions and indexed expressions,
361 trying to find the coefficient of, e.g., "x^2" or "x+y" won't work;
362 - it does not know about dummy index summations; the coefficient of
363 gamma~0 in p.mu*gamma~mu should be p.0 but is returned as 0;
364 - using coeff(), tcoeff(), lcoeff() or collect() on elements of
365 noncommutative products might return wrong or surprising results.
366 * subs() no longer only substitutes symbols and indices but performs a more
367 general "syntactic substitution", i.e. it substitutes whole objects in sub-
368 expressions. You can subs((a+b)^2,a+b==3) and get 9, but subs(a+b+c,a+b==3)
371 - substituting numerics (subs(expr, 2==4)) will not replace then in all
372 occurences; in general, you shouldn't substitute numerics, though.
373 * Added preliminary (re)implementations of color and clifford classes.
374 * simplify_indexed(): contraction of symmetric and antisymmetric tensors
376 * Replaced the various print*() member functions by a single print() that
377 takes a print_context object that determines the output formatting. This
378 should make it easier to add more output types, such as LaTeX output,
379 which is based on work by Stefan Weinzierl.
380 * Added functions to retrieve the properties stored in archive objects
381 outside of unarchive() (for printing or debugging purposes).
382 * Some bugfixes (indexed objects, archive writing).
383 * .collect() on non-polynomials is now algebraically correct.
385 0.8.0 (24 March 2001)
386 * Complete revamp of indexed objects. Instead of multiple classes for
387 indexed things and their indices there is now only one "indexed" class
388 and two types of indices: "idx" for simple indices and "varidx" for
389 indices with variance. There are predefined delta, epsilon and metric
390 tensors, and a function simplify_indexed() that performs canonicalization
391 and dummy index summations. Matrix objects can be indexed for doing simple
393 * Added an option "expand_indexed" to expand() to perform expansion of
394 indexed objects like (a+b).i -> a.i + b.i
395 * Renamed get_indices() to get_free_indices(), which no longer returns
396 dummy indices and checks the consistency of indices in sums.
397 * sqrfree() factorization fixed and improved syntactically.
398 * subs() works on matrices.
399 * Matrices can be constructed from flat list of elements; diagonal matrices
400 can be constructed from list of diagonal elements with diag_matrix().
401 * Fixed memory leak in expand().
402 * Operator% for objects of class ncmul has gone. Use operator* now for that
403 case too, which is much more natural.
405 0.7.3 (28 February 2001)
406 * Several bugfixes and minor performance tunings.
407 * Added a section to the tutorial about adding new algebraic classes to GiNaC.
408 * Closed many in-source documentation gaps.
410 0.7.2 (17 February 2001)
411 * Several bugfixes in power series expansion, one of them critical.
413 0.7.1 (7 February 2001)
414 * Fix problems with Cint that were caused by CLN's overloaded operator new.
415 * Fix compilation errors with GCC3.
416 * normal() handles large sums of fractions better and normalizes the exponent
417 of power expressions.
418 * expand() always expands the exponent and transforms x^(a+b) -> x^a*x^b.
419 * Some bugfixes of series expansion around branch cuts of special functions.
421 0.7.0 (15 December 2000)
422 * Requires CLN 1.1 now. Class numeric doesn't use an indirect pointer to the
423 actual representation any more. This is a speedup.
424 * mul::expand() was reengineered to not allocate excess temporary memory.
425 * Non-integer powers of a symbol are treated as constants by (l)degree() and
426 coeff(). Using these functions on an expression containing such powers used
427 to fail with an internal error message. The side-effect is that collect()
428 can be used on expressions which are not polynomials.
429 * Added a man page for the ginac-config script.
430 * Ctor of numeric from char* honors Digits.
432 0.6.4 (10 August 2000)
433 * Complete revamp of methods in class matrix. Some redundant (and poor)
434 implementations of elimination schemes were thrown out. The code is now
435 highly orthogonal, more flexible and much more efficient.
436 * Some long standing and quite nasty bugs were discovered and fixed in the
437 following functions: add::normal(), heur_gcd(), sr_gcd() and Order_eval().
440 * Derivatives are now assembled in a slightly different manner (i.e. they
441 might 'look' different on first sight). Under certain circumstances this
442 can result in a dramatic speedup because it gives hashing a better chance,
443 especially when computing higher derivatives.
444 * Some series expansions of built-in functions have been reengineered.
445 * The algorithm for computing determinants can be chosen by the user. See
446 ginac/flags.h and ginac/matrix.h.
447 * The Dilogarithm (Li2) now has floating point evaluation, derivative and a
448 proper series expansion.
449 * Namespace 'std' cleanly disentangled, as demanded by ISO/EIC 14882-1998(E).
450 * Some minor bugfixes, one major lsolve()-bugfix and documentation updates.
453 * ginaccint.bin is now launched by a binary program instead of by a scripts.
454 This allows us to write #!-scripts. A small test suite for GiNaC-cint was
456 * Several minor bugfixes.
459 * Cleanup in the interface to Cint. The required version is now Cint 5.14.38.
460 * Several bugfixes in target install.
463 * IMPORTANT: Several interface changes make programs written with GiNaC
464 much clearer but break compatibility with older versions:
465 - f(x).series(x,p[,o]) -> f(x).series(x==p,o)
466 - series(f(x),x,p[,o]) -> series(f(x),x==p,o)
467 - gamma() -> tgamma() (The true Gamma function, there is now also
468 log(tgamma()), called lgamma(), in accord with ISO/IEC 9899:1999.)
469 - EulerGamma -> Euler
470 * #include'ing ginac.h defines the preprocessor symbols GINACLIB_MAJOR_VERSION,
471 GINACLIB_MINOR_VERSION, and GINACLIB_MICRO_VERSION with the respective GiNaC
472 library version numbers.
473 * Expressions can be constructed from strings like this:
474 ex e("2*x+y", lst(x, y));
475 * ex::to_rational() provides a way to extend the domain of functions like
476 gcd() and divide() that only work on polynomials or rational functions (the
477 good old ex::subs() method reverses this process)
478 * Calling diff() on a function that has no derivative defined returns the
479 inert derivative function "Derivative".
480 * Several new timings in the check target. Some of them may be rather rude
481 at your machine, feel free to interrupt them.
483 0.5.4 (15 March 2000)
484 * Some algorithms in class matrix (notably determinant) were replaced by
485 less brain-dead ones and should now have much better performance.
486 * Checks were completely reorganized and split up into three parts:
487 a) exams (small regression tests with predefined input)
488 b) checks (lenghty coherence checks with random input)
489 c) timings (for coherence and crude benchmarking)
490 * Behaviour of .evalf() was changed: it doesn't .evalf() any exponents.
491 * Expanded expressions now remember they are expanded to prevent
492 superfluous expansions.
493 * Small bugfixes and improvements in the series expansion.
495 0.5.3 (23 February 2000)
496 * A more flexible scheme for registering functions was implemented,
497 allowing for remembering, too.
500 0.5.2 (16 February 2000)
501 * Mainly fixes a bug in the packaging of release 0.5.1.
503 0.5.1 (14 February 2000)
504 * Fixes a small number of bugs.
506 0.5.0 (7 February 2000)
507 * Expressions can be written ("archived") to files and read therefrom.
508 * Addition of GiNaC-cint, which lets you write complete programs in
509 an interactive shell-like manner in your favoured programming
512 0.4.1 (13 December 1999)
513 * Series Expansion of Gamma function and some other trigonometric
514 functions at their poles works now.
515 * Many more evaluations of special functions at points where
517 * info_flags::rational doesn't return true for complex extensions
518 any more---use info_flags::crational for the old behaviour.
519 info_flags::integer and -::cinteger work similarly, the same
520 holds for types like info_flags::rational_polynomial.
522 0.4.0 (26 November 1999)
523 * First public release.