1 This file records noteworthy changes.
4 * Fix series expansion of polynomial(x)^n for small and large n.
5 * Fix bugs in internal parser from strings.
6 * Make ginsh evaluate line-by-line in non-interactive mode.
9 1.8.6 (8 February 2023)
10 * Fix wrong numeric info on transcendental functions.
11 * Fix crash of evaluation of binomial(n, k) with negative integer n, k.
13 1.8.5 (1 January 2023)
14 * Speed up multivariate polynomial factorization; fix it in some rare
15 corner cases where it didn't previously terminate.
17 1.8.4 (19 September 2022)
18 * Add support for sqrfree_parfrac().
19 * Add info methods for transcendental functions.
22 * series_to_poly() can be used from ginsh.
23 * Fix power::to_polynomial() for posint exponents.
24 * Fix power::subs() in some special cases.
26 1.8.2 (1 January 2022)
27 * Fix elusive bug in comparing relational objects.
28 * Ensure modular_form_kernel::series() includes an Order term.
31 * Add method relational::canonical() and improve conversion of relational to
32 Boolean (it now works on many simple symbolic cases).
33 * Improve normalization of negative exponents.
34 * Fix indexing multiply referenced objects with ex::operator[].
35 * Make functions evalf() their arguments before doing own evalf().
36 * Fix bugs in H_evalf() and in evaluation of iterated integrals.
37 * Several portability improvements and compiler warning fixes.
39 1.8.0 (14 October 2020)
40 * New routines for the numerical evaluation of iterated integrals like
41 elliptic multiple polylogarithms or iterated integrals of modular forms.
42 * Stronger normalization methods for expressions with powers. Where this
43 is safe, GiNaC now tries replacing various kinds of powers in order to
44 find and cancel common subexpressions.
45 * Improved CMake build.
47 1.7.11 (3 August 2020)
48 * Fix elusive bugs in factor() and in expand().
51 * Fix collect_common_factors() for hidden zero arguments.
52 * Fix build on modern systems (C++20 and Python3).
55 * Fix unarchiving of overloaded functions.
58 1.7.8 (7 October 2019)
59 * Fix pseries::evalf(), broken since 1.7.0.
60 * Fix a corner-case bug in H_evalf().
62 1.7.7 (22 September 2019)
63 * Fix unarchiving empty containers.
64 * Remove obsolete exhashmap implementation.
65 * Fix issues with zeta computation.
69 * Fix a bug in mul::series() about asymptotic order term.
70 * Fix cl_N code generation for small negative integers.
71 * Fix multiple polylog computation related to trailing zeros and user-specified
72 signs for small imaginary parts.
73 * Fix CMake build with Python3.
75 1.7.5 (17 February 2019)
76 * Add Markowitz-ordered Gaussian eliminatin.
77 * Avoid un-normal zeros in matrix::solve().
78 * Accept exprseq arguments in lsolve(eqns, vars).
79 * Add overload of matrix::rank(solve_algo).
80 * Fix case in G_do_hoelder with real x values which are not cl_R.
81 * Fix an elusive bug in expairseq/add ctor, introduced in 1.7.0.
83 1.7.4 (19 February 2018)
84 * Fix ABI compatibility with 1.7.[0-2] (broken unintentionally in 1.7.3).
86 1.7.3 (1 February 2018)
87 * Speed up some corner cases of polynomial factorization.
88 * Speed up some corner cases of gcd computation.
89 * Speed up factorization of pre-factored polynomials.
90 * Make matrix::solve() work with hidden (non-normal) zeros.
91 * Fix bug in evaluation of real and imaginary parts of powers.
92 * Fix some LaTeX output, add new function symbol::get_TeX_name().
94 1.7.2 (10 January 2017)
95 * Fix memory leak in operators returning relationals, introduced in 1.7.0.
96 * Make macro GINAC_DECLARE_REGISTERED_CLASS() work outside namespace GiNaC.
97 * Fix some build issues.
99 1.7.1 (2 October 2016)
100 * Fix crash in basic::subs(), visible in classes which don't override it.
101 * Fix convergence failure in Li_projection.
102 * Fix cliffor_bar() and clifford_star().
103 * Improve performance of clifford_to_lst().
104 * Fix compilation issues, reduce compiler warnings.
106 1.7.0 (30 April 2016)
107 * Make use of C++11 features:
108 - Use new language features 'auto', 'nullptr', 'constexpr', range-based for
109 loops, the contextual keyword 'override', static 'noexcept' operator, etc.
110 - Add initializer list ctors for container<>, lst and nested initializer
111 lists ctor for class matrix.
112 - Add many rvalue reference overloads for ctors from std containers. (Note
113 that whether they really speed up things depends on whether evaluation
114 leaves the container unchanged or not.)
115 - Rvalue reference overloads for ctors from std containers made it possible
116 to remove the manual 'discardable' hack and std::auto_ptr<T> for good.
117 - New dynallocate<T>(args...) helper functions obsolete manual allocation
118 on the heap and setting the dynallocated status flag.
119 - Got rid of C++98ish algorithm features (bind2nd, etc.) and replaced them
121 * Make add::eval(), mul::eval() more careful so they return an evaluated,
122 canonical expression without compromise.
123 * Remove 'level' argument of all .eval() methods. This has become possible by
124 ensuring that add::eval() and mul::eval() evaluate their own structure
125 without compromise (this was not guaranteed before). If all ex are evaluated,
126 any object which is an aggregate of such ex will only ever have to
127 evaluate itself, obsoleting the need for recursing.
128 * Remove 'level' arguments of all .evalf() and .normal() methods. They were
129 modeled after the .eval() methods.
130 * Make relational::rhs() and lhs() nonvirtual.
131 * Add support for power::info(info_flags::real).
132 * Add fderivative::derivatives() method.
133 * Remove broken info_flags::algebraic.
134 * Remove unmaintained support for Cint.
135 * Remove unfinished andcode for hash table-based expairseq.
136 * Remove deprecated ex::to_rational(lst) and ex::to_polynomial(lst).
137 * ginac-excompiler installs in $LIBEXECDIR now, not in $BINDIR.
138 * Many minor performance enhancements.
140 1.6.7 (29 February 2016)
141 * Fix elusive bug in sqrfree(), normal(), numer(), and denom().
143 1.6.6 (20 December 2015)
144 * Fix elusive bug in add::eval().
145 * Several minor performance enhancements.
148 * Fix pow(+(...),2).expand() where the sum contained roots of expressions.
149 * Speed-up pow(+(...),n).expand() where n > 3.
150 * Fix a crash in PolyLogs of rational numbers.
153 * Fix pow(+(...),2).expand() where the sum contained roots of rationals.
154 * Various improvements for info(info_flags::nonnegative).
155 * Make power::expand() (x*p)^c -> x^c * p^c, if p>0.
156 * Fix normal() where nested functions occur multiple times.
157 * Add optional explicit derivatives to functions and use it in abs(),
158 imag_part(), real_part().
159 * Evaluate abs(z)^(2n) -> z^n * conjugate(z)^n.
161 1.6.3 (27 November 2014)
162 * New expand_options::expand_transcendental. GiNaC will apply additional
163 rules when expanding expressions if this option is specified, i.e.
164 log(a*b) -> log(a) + log(b)
165 exp(a + b) -> exp(a)*exp(b)
166 * Functions can define a custom expand() and info() now.
167 * Automatically rewrite (x^{-1})^c -> x^{-c} for positive c.
168 * Transform abs(x)^n -> x^n if x is real and n is even.
169 * Improved power::info(): power with a real base and even exponent
170 reports that it's non-negative.
171 * Fixed spurious match failure due to expairseq::match() bug:
172 > match(sin(y)*exp(b)+sin(x)*exp(a), sin($0)*exp(a)+exp(b)*sin($1))
174 * Fixed power::is_polynomial() and mul::is_polynomial() computation.
175 * factor_univariate correctly handles polynomials over rationals (no
177 * Fixed an infinite loop in factor_multivariate due to incorrect handling
178 of polynomials having a leading coefficient being a sum with a non-trivial
180 * Fixed numeric evaluation of generalized multiple polylogarithms for real
181 and negative argument.
182 * Avoid calling log(1-x) in numeric evaluation of classical polylogarithm.
183 * Fixed numeric evaluation of multiple polylogarithms (correctly set
184 the signs of the imaginary parts in the intermediate expression).
185 * Fixed numeric evaluation of Nielsen polylogs for arguments close to
186 the 6th root of unity or its conjugate.
187 * Avoid infinite recursion in series expansion of logarithm.
188 * numeric::info(info_flags::nonnegative) correctly handles complex numbers
189 with non-zero imaginary part.
190 * Fixed several build issues:
191 - libreadline and dlopen() misdetection.
192 - multiple definition of symbol on MinGW.
193 - auto* tools and texinfo being unhappy in various ways.
194 * GiNaC can be built with CMake now.
196 1.6.2 (6 November 2011)
197 * Fixed the parser to read GiNaC::lst again.
198 * Fixed a compile warning (relevant to openSUSE build).
199 * Fixed a bug concerning the subsitutions in indexed expressions
200 (subs_options::no_index_renaming was ignored).
203 * Fixed several internal assertions for the debug version of GiNaC.
204 * More verbose report of (auto-)configuration problems.
205 * Fixed a compile problem with ginsh using gcc 4.6.
208 * Fixed compilation issues with clang.
209 * Fixed compilation issues with VC++.
210 * Fixed a segfault in fsolve() and improved its numerical algorithm.
211 * Fixed several memory leaks in power::eval().
212 * Fixed the substitution algorithm that led to wrong results (exp(log(x))->x).
213 * Fixed a bug in add:eval() (real_part() had returned wrong results).
214 * Fixed infinite loop bug when unarchiving realsymbol and possymbol.
215 * Fixed bugs in the GCD code.
216 * Fixed empty string bug in symbol::get_name().
217 * Fixed bugs concerning STL vector sizes that can potentially cause segfaults.
218 * Fixed a bug in is_polynomial().
219 * Removed autogen dependencies.
220 * Improved simplify_indexed() algorithm.
221 * Changed the connection between library version and package version.
222 * power::series() can handle now more expressions with singularities in the exponent.
223 * Added conjugate() methods to functions cosh, sinh, tanh.
226 * Changed default behaviour of conjugate() for user-defined functions to avoid
227 wrong evaluations. A user-defined conjugate_func must now be explicitly
229 * Fixed: Parser now handles abbreviations as advertized in the manual.
230 * Fixed two bugs in the GCD code (one infinite loop, one miscalculation).
231 * Fixed dangerous iterator use.
232 * Fixed a memory leak in excompiler.
233 * Fixed several syntax issues wrt to gcc 4.5 and wrt to compile option -std=cxx0x.
234 * Fixed a wrong URL and a texinfo problem in the manual.
235 * Added degree_vector() utility function.
237 1.5.7 (29 March 2010)
238 * Fixed a bug in the GCD code (infinite loop in pgcd()).
239 * Fixed a bug in atan2() (division by zero error for atan2(x,0) if x is a
240 negative and composite term).
241 * Products now correctly set info_flags::negative and info_flags::negint.
243 1.5.6 (28 January 2010)
244 * Fixed compile problem with gcc 3.4.
245 * Improved excompiler: The ginac-excompiler script will only be installed if
246 excompiler is supported and enabled.
248 1.5.5 (04 November 2009)
249 * Correct libtool versioning.
251 1.5.4 (02 November 2009)
252 * Default parser now can again read in user defined classes.
253 * Add mul::info() and add::info() support for numeric info_flags (GiNaC now can
254 detect that the sum or product of a number of positive expressions is again a
255 positive expression).
256 * Fixed cast that caused compile error on 64bit machines.
257 * Fixed incorrect uses of STL iterators.
258 * Removed subdirectory debian.
259 * Output LaTeX-symbols using \mathrm, instead of \mbox.
262 * The parser now understands user-defined functions by default. The identifier
263 names can now contain underscores.
266 * Fixed documentation of return_type_info()
267 * Fixed cstdio include issue.
268 * GiNaC now requires at least version 1.2.2 of cln.
270 1.5.1 (25 February 2009)
271 * Fixed compiling problems with GNU g++ 3.4.
272 * Work around weird C++ RTTI behaviour on woe32 so GiNaC works on MinGW again.
274 1.5.0 (17 February 2009)
275 * Added polynomial factorization.
276 * New, faster (recursive descent) expression parser.
277 * Faster GCD computation.
278 * gcd() now allows the user to override (some of the) heuristics.
279 * Writing extensions classes is simpler now:
280 - Replaced custom RTTI by standard C++ RTTI.
281 - Definition of archiving methods now optional when declaring a new GiNaC class.
282 * Fixed recursion in polynomial divide that caused a significant slowdown in
284 * Improved lsolve() of systems containing non-numeric coefficients.
285 * Removed implicit conversions from cl_N to numeric.
286 * Improved configuration and compatibility.
289 * Fixed a bug in the multiple polylogarithms Li/G that caused imaginary parts
290 of the arguments to be ignored.
291 * Fixed archiving of complex numbers.
292 * Made the behaviour of class function more consistent with respect to
294 * Fixed bug in power::is_polynomial.
295 * Improved heur_gcd() so it can handle rational polynomials.
296 * Improved build scripts.
298 1.4.3 (04 April 2008)
299 * Fixed bug in numerical evaluation of multiple polylogarithms and
300 alternating multiple zeta values introduced in version 1.4.2.
301 * Nielsen polylog now invalidates its lookup tables in case the precision
302 (Digits) has been changed.
303 * Added new checks for recent bugs in the numerical evaluation of Li and zeta.
305 1.4.2 (03 April 2008)
306 * Fixed VPATH building of documentation.
307 * Fixed bug in numerical evaluation of multiple polylogarithms for arguments
308 equal to certain roots of unity (thanks to Jianqiang Zhao).
309 * Fixed check for memory leakage in parser.
310 * Made internal function coerce() standard compliant.
311 * Improved lsolve() of systems containing non-numeric coefficients.
312 * Improved automatic test programs. Now they work on MinGW and Cygwin as well.
314 1.4.1 (21 November 2007)
315 * Fixed memory leak in ginac_yylex().
316 * Fixed memory leaks in mul::eval() and power::eval().
317 * Fixed macro checking for version of libreadline (Mac OS X).
318 * Fixed broken preprocessor instruction in excompiler.cpp.
319 * Fixed broken module loading in excompiler.cpp.
320 * info(info_flags::has_indices) now works for sums and products.
321 * Improved mul::expand().
322 * Improved CLN output.
324 1.4.0 (31 August 2007)
325 * New tinfo mechanism.
326 * Removed rtt from class symbol.
327 * Faster archiving by adding a map from strings to indices in the atoms vector.
328 * Improved unarchiving: algorithms order N instead of order N^2.
329 * Added compile function, excompiler class.
331 * Added step function to GiNaCs built-in functions.
332 * Added is_polynomial() method.
333 * Added real_part() and imag_part() methods.
334 * Added matrix::is_zero_matrix() method.
335 * Added evalm() method to pseries class.
336 * Improved dummy index renaming.
337 * Many improvements for class clifford.
338 * New flag for positive symbols/numbers, added possymbol class.
339 * Added programming examples in doc/examples
341 1.3.8 (28 August 2007)
342 * Drop support of ginac-config and ginac.m4. Please use pkg-config instead.
343 * atan2(y,x) branch cut correction.
344 * Fixed bug in series expansion.
345 * Additional transformations for mul and power.
346 * Clifford units now honor representation labels.
347 * Correct csrc output for idx and fderivative.
348 * Improved handling of convergence transformationis for Li/G.
349 * Fix compilation issues with prereleases of GCC 4.3.
350 * info_flags::expanded added.
351 * input_parser also accepts pow().
352 * texinfo.tex removed from package.
354 1.3.7 (05 February 2007)
355 * Fixed bug in expansion of power.
356 * Fixed bugs in functions S() (infinite loop), H() and zeta() (wrong results).
357 * Rebuilt bison related files with bison version 2.3 (fixes parse error bugs).
358 * Improved power::eval().
359 * Improved libreadline detection.
361 1.3.6 (13 December 2006)
362 * Better worst case behavior in heuristic gcd.
363 * Improved collecting for sparse multivariate polynomials.
364 * Improved collect_common_factors.
365 * Fixed bug in numerical evaluation of multiple polylogs.
366 * Fixed numerical integration of complex functions.
367 * Fixed bug in tensor::replace_contr_index().
369 1.3.5 (17 August 2006)
370 * Re-built bison related files that caused bugs with gcc 4.
371 * Fixed bugs in fderivative::match_same_type(), expairseq::match(),
372 expand_dummy_sum(), and expairseq::map().
373 * Fixed template specialization for class container to be gcc 4.2 compliant.
374 * Output in csrc mode is now -x instead of -1.0*x.
375 * Fixed tutorial and reference generation in html/pdf/ps format.
376 * Modified autotool configuration to allow for compilation on MinGW.
377 * Debian packaging files updated.
379 1.3.4 (12 April 2006)
380 * More general index dimensions are now possible.
381 * Improved algebraic substitutions.
382 * Fixed wrong matching in .has().
383 * Fixed bug in differentiation of a power.
384 * collect_common_factors also works with negative powers of common factors now.
385 * Code clean-up and preparations for upcoming cln 1.2.
387 1.3.3 (24 October 2005)
388 * Fixed bug occuring in algebraic substitutions with expressions involving
390 * Fixed bug that selected the wrong algorithm for determinants of purely
391 numeric matrices with at least one floating point element.
392 * Fixed bug in function H that caused an infinite recursion for arguments
394 * Fixed const-correctness in printing handler for GCC 4.0.2.
395 * Made lookup in adaptivesimpson precision-aware.
396 * Added series expansion for functions (classical) Li and S around x==0.
397 * Added fsolve() numerical univariate real-valued function solver.
398 * Added functions sub_matrix() and reduced_matrix().
399 * Small cleanups. Less warnings with latest GCC.
402 * GCD avoids to produce expanded expressions.
403 * Fixed bug in expanding expressions containing dummy indices.
404 * Fixed static initialization order bug.
405 * collect_common_factors now works with powers.
406 * Modernized configuration scripts.
409 * integral() and eval_integ() can be used from ginsh.
410 * Integrals can be series-expanded.
411 * Fixed a library initialization problem.
412 * GiNaC compiles from tarball even if lex/flex is missing.
413 * Fixed bugs in canonicalize_clifford(), clifford_prime() and clifford_to_lst().
414 * clifford_moebius_map(), remove_dirac_ONE() and LaTeX output of Clifford
415 objects now care about representation labels.
417 * Better output for slashed expressions
419 1.3.0 (19 October 2004)
420 * The Clifford classes have been generalized to allow working with Clifford
421 algebras generated by arbitrary symmetric tensors or matrices. Also, a lot
422 of new functions for Clifford algebras have been added, including
423 automorphisms and Moebius transformations. [V. Kisil]
424 * Added some basic symbolic and numeric integration facilities. [C. Dams]
425 * The multiple polylogarithm Li() now evaluates numerically for arbitrary
427 * New functions G(a,y) and G(a,s,y) added (another notation for multiple
430 1.2.4 (12 October 2004)
431 * Added ex::unitcontprim() to compute the unit, content, and primitive parts
432 of a polynomial in one go.
433 * binomial(n, k) evaluates for non-integer arguments n.
434 * Li(2,x) now evaluates for +-I.
436 * Fixed bug in Li(n,x) (if Li(2,x) was calculated with high precision the
437 enlargement of the look-up table caused a segmentation fault).
438 * Fixed another bug in the series expansion of powers, and a bug in
441 1.2.3 (13 August 2004)
442 * Added variants of dirac_trace() and color_trace() that take the trace over
443 more than one representation label by specifying a set or list of labels.
444 * diracgamma::contract_with() uses Chisholm identities in 4 dimensions to
445 produce more compact results.
446 * Fixed a bug in the series expansion of powers.
447 * The --enable-html-doc and --enable-ps-doc configure options are gone.
448 Documentation in HTML, DVI, PostScript, and PDF formats is now built with
449 "make html", "make dvi", "make ps", and "make pdf", respectively. The only
450 documentation that gets built by default are the tutorial in .info format
453 1.2.2 (3 August 2004)
454 * Added const_preorder_iterator and const_postorder_iterator classes (and
455 associated methods ex::pre/postorder_begin/end()) providing tree traversal
457 * Fixed the LaTeX output of the varidx class.
458 * Fixed bugs in series expansion and complex conjugation.
459 * (p.i*p.i).get_free_indices() returns the correct result () instead of (.i).
460 * Symbolic functions without any eval(), evalf() etc. functions now work
462 * integer_content(), content(), and primpart() now also work for polynomials
463 with rational coefficients (calculating the LCM of coefficients'
465 * Added method matrix::rank().
466 * Added function resultant().
467 * Added integer_content() function to ginsh.
469 1.2.1 (23 April 2004)
470 * Fixed infinite recursion in atan2_evalf() and improved atan2_eval().
471 * Added automatic evaluations for trigonometric functions with negative
472 arguments (e.g. sin(-2) -> -sin(2)).
473 * Fixed a static initialization order goof-up.
474 * Fixed various bugs in series expansion.
476 1.2.0 (19 March 2004)
477 * Added a structure<T> template class for the easy creation of user-defined
479 * Added support for (acyclic) visitors, to allow cleaner implementations of
480 algebraic algorithms.
481 * Added a const_iterator class that can be used instead of op()/nops().
482 * Completely revamped the implementation of expression output. It is now
483 possible to add new output formats, to change the behavior of predefined
484 formats at run-time, and to have different output styles for algebraic
486 * Symbols can be made non-commutative.
487 * Added a method ex::conjugate() and a function conjugate() for complex
488 conjugation. Symbols can be declared as real or complex-valued.
489 * Improved the speed of subs(), normal(), to_rational() and to_polynomial()
490 by the use of maps instead of lists. The old forms
491 subs(const lst & ls, const lst & lr, unsigned options)
492 to_rational/to_polynomial(lst & repl)
493 are still available for compatibility, but using the new forms
494 subs(const exmap & m, unsigned options)
495 to_rational/to_polynomial(exmap & repl)
496 is more efficient, especially when the number of replacements is large.
497 * quo(), rem(), prem(), sprem(), decomp_rational(), unit(), content(),
498 primpart() and matrix::charpoly() now take a "const ex &" instead of a
500 * Redundant expressions (two ex pointing to different objects are found to be
501 equal in compare()) are now actively deleted/fused to conserve memory and
502 speed up subsequent comparisons. This behavior can be suppressed on a
503 per-object level with status_flags::not_shareable. Lists and matrices are
504 not shareable by default.
505 * Lots of internal streamlining and optimizations.
506 * Caveats for class implementors:
507 - basic::copy() and basic::destroy() are gone; classes derived from
508 basic can use the defaults for the assignment operator and copy
510 - basic::subs(), basic::normal(), basic::to_rational() and
511 basic::to_polynomial() take 'exmap' objects instead of lists.
512 - basic::subs() now descends into subexpressions (if accessible via
513 nops()/op()/let_op()). If you have a custom implementation of subs()
514 that calls basic::subs() after substituting subexpressions, this needs
515 to be changed to a call to subs_one_level().
516 - lst::thislst() and exprseq::thisexprseq() renamed to thiscontainer().
517 - thiscontainer() and associated constructors now take a std::auto_ptr.
518 - Overloading basic::print() is now deprecated. You should use
519 print_func<>() class options instead.
521 1.1.7 (11 March 2004)
522 * Fixed a bug in canonicalize_clifford().
523 * Series expansion now works predictably. All terms with the exponent of the
524 expansion variable smaller than the given order are calculated exactly. If
525 the series is not terminating, the Order function is (at least) of the given
528 1.1.6 (22 January 2004)
529 * Added a function option "dummy()" which means "no options". This simplifies
530 the implementation of symbolic functions which are not to be further
532 * Removed a bug in the numerical evaluation of Li() that caused the system
533 to hang for certain parameter combinations.
534 * Fixed a bug in the calculation of hash values for indices that could lead
535 to wrong results or bogus error messages from simplify_indexed().
536 * Fixed a bug in the evaluation of harmonic polylogarithms for complex
537 arguments with positive imaginary part.
539 1.1.5 (5 November 2003)
540 * Harmonic polylogarithms now numerically evaluate for arbitrary arguments
541 (parameter must still be positive integers).
542 * The zeta function now can also be given a lst as a parameter in which case
543 it becomes a multiple zeta value. The use of mZeta is deprecated.
544 * The order of parameters for the multiple polylogarithm has been corrected.
545 * Documentation for the nested sums functions zeta, harmonic polylog, multiple
546 polylog, etc. has been added.
548 1.1.4 (17 October 2003)
549 * Lists and matrices can now be initialized from comma-separated lists of
550 expressions, like this:
560 This is both faster and produces much smaller code than the old constructors
561 lst(ex, ex, ...) and matrix(unsigned, unsigned, lst), especially in the case
562 of matrices, and is now the recommended way to create these objects.
563 * The function mZeta now evaluates much faster for arbitrary parameters. The
564 harmonic and multiple polylogarithms evaluate considerably faster and check
565 for convergence. The order of parameters for the harmonic polylogarithm
568 1.1.3 (22 August 2003)
569 * Added new symbolic functions for better integration with nestedsums:
570 (multiple) polylogarithm Li(), Nielsen's generalized polylogarithm S(),
571 harmonic polylogarithm H(), and multiple zeta value mZeta().
572 * New exhashmap<T> template intended as a drop-in replacement for
573 std::map<ex, T, ex_is_less> using GiNaC's hashing algorithms.
575 1.1.2 (11 August 2003)
576 * Fixed a bug in the unarchiving of sums and products: terms were not
577 reordered in a canonical way.
578 * Fixed a bug in normal()/numer_denom(): denominator was not made unit
579 normal if it was a simple number.
580 * Improved the speed of subs() in some cases.
583 * lst (and exprseq) provide iterators for read-only element access. For
584 sequential access this is one order faster than using op().
585 * Implemented relational::subs() (this was done in 1.0.9 but inadvertently
586 omitted from the 1.1 branch).
587 * pole_error and do_taylor are available to library users.
588 * Added on-line help and Tab-completion for print(), iprint(), print_latex()
589 and print_csrc() in ginsh.
592 * Removed deprecated macros is_ex_a, is_ex_exactly_a and friends for good.
593 * The scalar_products mechanism allows the specification of an index dimension.
594 * Removed dirac_gamma6/7().
595 * Added ex::to_polynomial().
596 * subs() accepts an optional "options" argument. The option
597 subs_option::subs_algebraic enables "smart" substitutions in products and
599 * Added stream manipulators "dflt", "latex", "python", "python_repr", "tree",
600 "csrc", "csrc_float", "csrc_double", "csrc_cl_N", "index_dimensions" and
601 "no_index_dimensions" to control the output format. Calling basic::print()
602 directly is now deprecated.
603 * Made the hashing more simple and efficient.
604 * Caveats for class implementors:
605 - basic::subs(): third argument changed from "bool" to "unsigned"
606 - unarchiving constructor and basic::unarchive(): "const" removed from
608 - basic::let_op() should only be implemented if write access to
609 subexpressions is desired
610 - simplify_ncmul() renamed to eval_ncmul()
611 - simplified_ncmul() renamed to hold_ncmul()
612 - nonsimplified_ncmul() renamed to reeval_ncmul()
614 1.0.14 (1 March 2003)
615 * Improved the C-source output: complex numbers are printed correctly (using
616 the STL complex<> template or cln::complex()), rational numbers use cl_RA()
617 in the CLN output, and small integers are printed in a more compact format
618 (e.g. "2.0" instead of "2.0000000e+00").
619 * function_options::set_return_type() and function_options::do_not_evalf_params()
622 1.0.13 (27 January 2003)
623 * Contracting epsilon tensors with Euclidean indices now works.
624 * Improved dummy index symmetrization in sums.
625 * Added dirac_gammaL/R(), which can be used instead of dirac_gamma6/7()
626 but are single objects, to allow for a more compact notation of Dirac
628 * Powers with negative numeric exponents are printed as fractions in the
630 * Added symbolic_matrix() for the convenient creation of matrices filled
632 * Added collect_common_factors() which collects common factors from the
634 * simplify_indexed() converts "gamma~mu*p.mu" to "p\".
636 1.0.12 (30 October 2002)
637 * Fixed a bug in power::expand() that could produce invalid expressions.
638 * The input parser no longer ignores extra data following accepted input.
639 * Improved the CLN C-source output (integers are printed as integers, and
640 floating point numbers include the precision).
641 * Fixed a problem in the LaTeX-output of negative fractions.
642 * Added print_latex() and print_csrc() to ginsh.
643 * The sprem() function is now public.
645 1.0.11 (18 September 2002)
646 * Fixed a possible memory corruption in contractions of indexed objects with
647 delta or metric tensors.
648 * Computing the derivative of a power series object with respect to a symbol
649 that is not the expansion variable now works correctly.
650 * Several bugfixes in code generation.
652 1.0.10 (24 July 2002)
653 * Powers of indexed objects are now parenthesized correctly in LaTeX output.
654 * Input parser handles indices (they have to be specified in the same list
656 * Added some limited support for subspaces in the idx and tensor classes.
657 * Fixed a bug in canonicalize() (antisymmetric canonicalization of an already
658 sorted list containing two or more equal objects failed to return 0).
661 * simplify_indexed() now raises/lowers dummy indices to canonicalize the index
662 variance. This allows some simplifications that weren't possible before,
663 like eps~a.b~c~d*X.a*X~b -> 0 and X.a~a-X~a.a -> 0.
664 * Implemented relational::subs().
665 * Fixed bug in simplify_ncmul() for clifford objects.
667 1.0.8 (31 March 2002)
668 * Improvements in memory usage of the expand() methods.
670 1.0.7 (18 March 2002)
671 * Fixed LaTeX output of indexed and matrix objects.
672 * Fixed matrix::pow(n) for n==0 and added helper functions to create unit
673 matrices "ex unit_matrix(unsigned, unsigned)".
676 * "(x+1).subs(x==x-1)" now returns the correct result "x" instead of "x-1".
678 1.0.5 (27 January 2002)
679 * (l)degree(s), coeff(s, n) and collect(s) were extended to accept expressions
680 of any class (except add/mul/ncmul/numeric) for "s". They should even work
681 if "s" is a "power" object, as long as the exponent is non-integer, but with
682 some limitations. For example, you can "collect(a*2^x+b*2^x, 2^x)" to get
683 "(a+b)*2^x", but "degree(2^(3*x), 2^x)" yields 0 instead of 3).
684 * Fixed a small output bug.
686 1.0.4 (24 January 2002)
687 * Speedup in expand().
688 * Faster Bernoulli numbers (Markus Nullmeier).
689 * Some minor bugfixes and documentation updates.
691 1.0.3 (21 December 2001)
692 * Fixed a bug where quo() would call vector::reserve() with a negative
694 * Fix several bugs in code generation.
696 1.0.2 (19 December 2001)
697 * Input parser recognizes "sqrt()", which is also used in the output.
698 * divide(a,b,q) only modifies q if the division succeeds; also, divide(a,b,a)
700 * Fixed small bug in dummy index renaming which could cause it to not
701 recognize renamable indices in some cases.
702 * power::degree() and power::ldegree() throw an exception when encountering
703 a non-integer exponent.
704 * Add output-support for Python bindings.
706 1.0.1 (22 November 2001)
707 * Function sqrfree() handles a few more cases now.
708 * Class relational has real canonical ordering now.
709 * Handle obscene libreadline version numbers when building ginsh.
711 1.0.0 (6 November 2001)
712 * Some internal reorganization resulting in a general speed-up.
713 * The last 3 evaluated expressions in ginsh are now referred to with the
714 tokens '%', '%%' and '%%%'. The old '"', '""' and '"""' remain for
715 compatibility but may be removed in a future version of GiNaC.
717 0.9.4 (20 September 2001)
718 * Functions have better support for external scripting languages.
719 * Interface cleanups and bugfixes.
720 * Fix silly bug in evalf() that prevented things like 2^Pi being computed.
722 0.9.3 (16 August 2001)
723 * series expansion now much more consistent for small order expansion.
724 * lsolve() accepts algorithmic hint as parameter.
727 * Epsilon tensor is more functional.
728 * simplify_indexed() is better at detecting expressions that vanish for
730 * Several little bugfixes and consistency enhancements.
733 * Ctors of class numeric are not explicit any more. All built-in callers for
734 pseudofunctions are now templated and default to ex arguments which relaxes
735 the need for explicit ctors.
736 * New functions/methods:
738 - remove_first(), remove_last(), sort() and unique() for lists
739 - symmetrize_cyclic()
741 * Instead of just totally symmetric or antisymmetric, complex symmetries
742 can now be defined for indexed objects. Symmetries are described by a
743 tree of "symmetry" objects that is constructed with the sy_none(),
744 sy_symm(), sy_anti() and sy_cycl() functions. The symmetry of a function
745 with respect to its arguments can also be defined (this is currently
746 only used for the Beta function).
747 * Generalized map() to take a function object instead of a function pointer.
748 This allows passing an arbitrary number of additional state to the
749 function being called.
750 * color_trace(), dirac_trace(), diff(), expand(), evalf() and normal() work
751 better with container classes, e.g. using color_trace() on a relation will
752 take the trace on both sides, using diff() on a matrix differentiates every
754 * diff() works properly with non-commutative products and indexed objects.
755 * New option flag "expand_function_args" for expand().
756 * Supplement some (now deprecated) macros by inlined template functions:
757 - is_of_type(foo, type) -> is_a<type>(foo)
758 - is_ex_of_type(foo, type) -> is_a<type>(foo)
759 - is_exactly_of_type(foo, type) -> is_exactly_a<type>(foo)
760 - is_ex_exactly_of_type(foo, type) -> is_exactly_a<type>(foo)
761 - ex_to_foobar(baz) -> ex_to<foobar>(baz)
762 * rem(c, p[x], x) (c: numeric, p[x]: polynomial) erroneously returned p[x]
764 * Small bugfixes in pattern matching.
765 * Updated libtool to version 1.4.
768 * In the output and in ginsh, lists are now delimited by { } braces, and
769 matrices are delimited by single [ ] brackets.
770 * simplify_indexed() renames dummy indices so, e.g., "a.i*a.i+a.j*a.j" gets
771 simplified to "2*a.i*a.i" (or "2*a.j*a.j").
772 * New functions/methods:
773 - canonicalize_clifford() (helpful when comparing expressions containing
775 - symmetrize() and antisymmetrize()
776 - numer_denom() (return numerator and denominator in one call)
777 - map() (apply function to subexpressions)
778 - evalm() (evaluate sums, products and integer powers of matrices)
779 * Added a new function match() for performing pattern matching. subs() and
780 has() also accept patterns as arguments. A pattern can be any expression,
781 optionally containing wildcard objects. These are constructed with the
782 call "wild(<unsigned>)" and are denoted as "$0", "$1" etc. in the output
784 * Positive integer powers of non-commutative expressions (except matrices)
785 are automatically expanded.
786 * Removed cint subdirectory, ginaccint is a separate package now due to
787 packaging considerations.
788 * Several little bugfixes.
791 * color and clifford classes are functional and documented.
792 * New "spinidx" class for dotted/undotted indices.
793 * Predefined spinor metric tensor (created by spinor_metric()).
794 * Symbols can have a LaTeX name, e.g. symbol s("s", "\\sigma");
795 * LaTeX output of indexed objects is much nicer.
796 * Fixed some build problems (with recent libreadline).
797 * Semantics of arithmetic operators now follows the C++ rules more strictly.
799 0.8.2 (24 April 2001)
800 * degree(), ldegree(), coeff(), lcoeff(), tcoeff() and collect() work with
801 non-symbols as the second argument in ginsh.
802 * the argument to collect() can be a list of objects in which case the
803 result is either a recursively collected polynomial, or a polynomial in
804 a distributed form with terms like coeff*x1^e1*...*xn^en, as specified by
805 the second argument to collect().
806 * Several bugfixes (including a nasty memory leak in .normal()).
807 * class matrix: solve() doesn't call algorithms redundantly any more and
808 inverse() falls back to solve() which works in more general cases.
810 0.8.1 (16 April 2001)
811 * degree(), ldegree(), coeff(), lcoeff(), tcoeff() and collect() can now
812 be used with constants, functions and indexed expressions as well, so you
813 can use it to collect by powers of Pi or sin(x), or to find the coefficient
816 - it only works with symbols, constants, functions and indexed expressions,
817 trying to find the coefficient of, e.g., "x^2" or "x+y" won't work;
818 - it does not know about dummy index summations; the coefficient of
819 gamma~0 in p.mu*gamma~mu should be p.0 but is returned as 0;
820 - using coeff(), tcoeff(), lcoeff() or collect() on elements of
821 noncommutative products might return wrong or surprising results.
822 * subs() no longer only substitutes symbols and indices but performs a more
823 general "syntactic substitution", i.e. it substitutes whole objects in sub-
824 expressions. You can subs((a+b)^2,a+b==3) and get 9, but subs(a+b+c,a+b==3)
827 - substituting numerics (subs(expr, 2==4)) will not replace then in all
828 occurences; in general, you shouldn't substitute numerics, though.
829 * Added preliminary (re)implementations of color and clifford classes.
830 * simplify_indexed(): contraction of symmetric and antisymmetric tensors
832 * Replaced the various print*() member functions by a single print() that
833 takes a print_context object that determines the output formatting. This
834 should make it easier to add more output types, such as LaTeX output,
835 which is based on work by Stefan Weinzierl.
836 * Added functions to retrieve the properties stored in archive objects
837 outside of unarchive() (for printing or debugging purposes).
838 * Some bugfixes (indexed objects, archive writing).
839 * .collect() on non-polynomials is now algebraically correct.
841 0.8.0 (24 March 2001)
842 * Complete revamp of indexed objects. Instead of multiple classes for
843 indexed things and their indices there is now only one "indexed" class
844 and two types of indices: "idx" for simple indices and "varidx" for
845 indices with variance. There are predefined delta, epsilon and metric
846 tensors, and a function simplify_indexed() that performs canonicalization
847 and dummy index summations. Matrix objects can be indexed for doing simple
849 * Added an option "expand_indexed" to expand() to perform expansion of
850 indexed objects like (a+b).i -> a.i + b.i
851 * Renamed get_indices() to get_free_indices(), which no longer returns
852 dummy indices and checks the consistency of indices in sums.
853 * sqrfree() factorization fixed and improved syntactically.
854 * subs() works on matrices.
855 * Matrices can be constructed from flat list of elements; diagonal matrices
856 can be constructed from list of diagonal elements with diag_matrix().
857 * Fixed memory leak in expand().
858 * Operator% for objects of class ncmul has gone. Use operator* now for that
859 case too, which is much more natural.
861 0.7.3 (28 February 2001)
862 * Several bugfixes and minor performance tunings.
863 * Added a section to the tutorial about adding new algebraic classes to GiNaC.
864 * Closed many in-source documentation gaps.
866 0.7.2 (17 February 2001)
867 * Several bugfixes in power series expansion, one of them critical.
869 0.7.1 (7 February 2001)
870 * Fix problems with Cint that were caused by CLN's overloaded operator new.
871 * Fix compilation errors with GCC3.
872 * normal() handles large sums of fractions better and normalizes the exponent
873 of power expressions.
874 * expand() always expands the exponent and transforms x^(a+b) -> x^a*x^b.
875 * Some bugfixes of series expansion around branch cuts of special functions.
877 0.7.0 (15 December 2000)
878 * Requires CLN 1.1 now. Class numeric doesn't use an indirect pointer to the
879 actual representation any more. This is a speedup.
880 * mul::expand() was reengineered to not allocate excess temporary memory.
881 * Non-integer powers of a symbol are treated as constants by (l)degree() and
882 coeff(). Using these functions on an expression containing such powers used
883 to fail with an internal error message. The side-effect is that collect()
884 can be used on expressions which are not polynomials.
885 * Added a man page for the ginac-config script.
886 * Ctor of numeric from char* honors Digits.
888 0.6.4 (10 August 2000)
889 * Complete revamp of methods in class matrix. Some redundant (and poor)
890 implementations of elimination schemes were thrown out. The code is now
891 highly orthogonal, more flexible and much more efficient.
892 * Some long standing and quite nasty bugs were discovered and fixed in the
893 following functions: add::normal(), heur_gcd(), sr_gcd() and Order_eval().
896 * Derivatives are now assembled in a slightly different manner (i.e. they
897 might 'look' different on first sight). Under certain circumstances this
898 can result in a dramatic speedup because it gives hashing a better chance,
899 especially when computing higher derivatives.
900 * Some series expansions of built-in functions have been reengineered.
901 * The algorithm for computing determinants can be chosen by the user. See
902 ginac/flags.h and ginac/matrix.h.
903 * The Dilogarithm (Li2) now has floating point evaluation, derivative and a
904 proper series expansion.
905 * Namespace 'std' cleanly disentangled, as demanded by ISO/EIC 14882-1998(E).
906 * Some minor bugfixes, one major lsolve()-bugfix and documentation updates.
909 * ginaccint.bin is now launched by a binary program instead of by a scripts.
910 This allows us to write #!-scripts. A small test suite for GiNaC-cint was
912 * Several minor bugfixes.
915 * Cleanup in the interface to Cint. The required version is now Cint 5.14.38.
916 * Several bugfixes in target install.
919 * IMPORTANT: Several interface changes make programs written with GiNaC
920 much clearer but break compatibility with older versions:
921 - f(x).series(x,p[,o]) -> f(x).series(x==p,o)
922 - series(f(x),x,p[,o]) -> series(f(x),x==p,o)
923 - gamma() -> tgamma() (The true Gamma function, there is now also
924 log(tgamma()), called lgamma(), in accord with ISO/IEC 9899:1999.)
925 - EulerGamma -> Euler
926 * #include'ing ginac.h defines the preprocessor symbols GINACLIB_MAJOR_VERSION,
927 GINACLIB_MINOR_VERSION, and GINACLIB_MICRO_VERSION with the respective GiNaC
928 library version numbers.
929 * Expressions can be constructed from strings like this:
930 ex e("2*x+y", lst(x, y));
931 * ex::to_rational() provides a way to extend the domain of functions like
932 gcd() and divide() that only work on polynomials or rational functions (the
933 good old ex::subs() method reverses this process)
934 * Calling diff() on a function that has no derivative defined returns the
935 inert derivative function "Derivative".
936 * Several new timings in the check target. Some of them may be rather rude
937 at your machine, feel free to interrupt them.
939 0.5.4 (15 March 2000)
940 * Some algorithms in class matrix (notably determinant) were replaced by
941 less brain-dead ones and should now have much better performance.
942 * Checks were completely reorganized and split up into three parts:
943 a) exams (small regression tests with predefined input)
944 b) checks (lenghty coherence checks with random input)
945 c) timings (for coherence and crude benchmarking)
946 * Behaviour of .evalf() was changed: it doesn't .evalf() any exponents.
947 * Expanded expressions now remember they are expanded to prevent
948 superfluous expansions.
949 * Small bugfixes and improvements in the series expansion.
951 0.5.3 (23 February 2000)
952 * A more flexible scheme for registering functions was implemented,
953 allowing for remembering, too.
956 0.5.2 (16 February 2000)
957 * Mainly fixes a bug in the packaging of release 0.5.1.
959 0.5.1 (14 February 2000)
960 * Fixes a small number of bugs.
962 0.5.0 (7 February 2000)
963 * Expressions can be written ("archived") to files and read therefrom.
964 * Addition of GiNaC-cint, which lets you write complete programs in
965 an interactive shell-like manner in your favoured programming
968 0.4.1 (13 December 1999)
969 * Series Expansion of Gamma function and some other trigonometric
970 functions at their poles works now.
971 * Many more evaluations of special functions at points where
973 * info_flags::rational doesn't return true for complex extensions
974 any more---use info_flags::crational for the old behaviour.
975 info_flags::integer and -::cinteger work similarly, the same
976 holds for types like info_flags::rational_polynomial.
978 0.4.0 (26 November 1999)
979 * First public release.