X-Git-Url: https://www.ginac.de/ginac.git//ginac.git?p=ginac.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=ginac%2Fbasic.cpp;h=c649f64b0e6dfd6e74b2c41f11393d8249447b7d;hp=1c8814d44f89bb8d50579551cbb3a01382916402;hb=7cad9b41c97f0b042ba4af8080e82c8ad4804560;hpb=9eab44408b9213d8909b7a9e525f404ad06064dd diff --git a/ginac/basic.cpp b/ginac/basic.cpp index 1c8814d4..c649f64b 100644 --- a/ginac/basic.cpp +++ b/ginac/basic.cpp @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ * Implementation of GiNaC's ABC. */ /* - * GiNaC Copyright (C) 1999 Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany + * GiNaC Copyright (C) 1999-2001 Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by @@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ */ #include -#include #include #include "basic.h" @@ -31,70 +30,72 @@ #include "symbol.h" #include "lst.h" #include "ncmul.h" +#include "print.h" +#include "archive.h" #include "utils.h" #include "debugmsg.h" namespace GiNaC { +GINAC_IMPLEMENT_REGISTERED_CLASS_NO_CTORS(basic, void) + ////////// -// default constructor, destructor, copy constructor assignment operator and helpers +// default ctor, dtor, copy ctor assignment operator and helpers ////////// // public -#ifndef INLINE_BASIC_CONSTRUCTORS -basic::basic() : flags(0), refcount(0), tinfo_key(TINFO_BASIC) +basic::basic(const basic & other) : tinfo_key(TINFO_basic), flags(0), refcount(0) { - debugmsg("basic default constructor",LOGLEVEL_CONSTRUCT); - // nothing to do + debugmsg("basic copy ctor", LOGLEVEL_CONSTRUCT); + copy(other); } -basic::~basic() +const basic & basic::operator=(const basic & other) { - debugmsg("basic destructor",LOGLEVEL_DESTRUCT); - destroy(0); - ASSERT((!(flags & status_flags::dynallocated))||(refcount==0)); + debugmsg("basic operator=", LOGLEVEL_ASSIGNMENT); + if (this != &other) { + destroy(true); + copy(other); + } + return *this; } -basic::basic(basic const & other) : flags(0), refcount(0), tinfo_key(TINFO_BASIC) -{ - debugmsg("basic copy constructor",LOGLEVEL_CONSTRUCT); - copy(other); -} -#endif +// protected -basic const & basic::operator=(basic const & other) -{ - debugmsg("basic operator=",LOGLEVEL_ASSIGNMENT); - if (this != &other) { - destroy(1); - copy(other); - } - return *this; -} +// none (all conditionally inlined) -// protected +////////// +// other ctors +////////// -#if 0 -void basic::copy(basic const & other) -{ - flags=other.flags & ~ status_flags::dynallocated; - hashvalue=other.hashvalue; - tinfo_key=other.tinfo_key; -} -#endif +// none (all conditionally inlined) ////////// -// other constructors +// archiving ////////// -#ifndef INLINE_BASIC_CONSTRUCTORS -basic::basic(unsigned ti) : flags(0), refcount(0), tinfo_key(ti) +/** Construct object from archive_node. */ +basic::basic(const archive_node &n, const lst &sym_lst) : flags(0), refcount(0) +{ + debugmsg("basic ctor from archive_node", LOGLEVEL_CONSTRUCT); + + // Reconstruct tinfo_key from class name + std::string class_name; + if (n.find_string("class", class_name)) + tinfo_key = find_tinfo_key(class_name); + else + throw (std::runtime_error("archive node contains no class name")); +} + +/** Unarchive the object. */ +DEFAULT_UNARCHIVE(basic) + +/** Archive the object. */ +void basic::archive(archive_node &n) const { - debugmsg("basic constructor with tinfo_key",LOGLEVEL_CONSTRUCT); - // nothing to do + n.add_string("class", class_name()); } -#endif ////////// // functions overriding virtual functions from bases classes @@ -108,291 +109,455 @@ basic::basic(unsigned ti) : flags(0), refcount(0), tinfo_key(ti) // public -basic * basic::duplicate() const +/** Output to stream. + * @param c print context object that describes the output formatting + * @param level value that is used to identify the precedence or indentation + * level for placing parentheses and formatting */ +void basic::print(const print_context & c, unsigned level) const { - debugmsg("basic duplicate",LOGLEVEL_DUPLICATE); - return new basic(*this); + debugmsg("basic print", LOGLEVEL_PRINT); + + if (is_of_type(c, print_tree)) { + + c.s << std::string(level, ' ') << class_name() + << std::hex << ", hash=0x" << hashvalue << ", flags=0x" << flags << std::dec + << ", nops=" << nops() + << std::endl; + for (unsigned i=0; i(c).delta_indent); + + } else + c.s << "[" << class_name() << " object]"; } -bool basic::info(unsigned inf) const +/** Little wrapper arount print to be called within a debugger. + * This is needed because you cannot call foo.print(cout) from within the + * debugger because it might not know what cout is. This method can be + * invoked with no argument and it will simply print to stdout. + * + * @see basic::print */ +void basic::dbgprint(void) const { - return false; // all possible properties are false for basic objects + this->print(std::cerr); + std::cerr << std::endl; } -int basic::nops() const +/** Little wrapper arount printtree to be called within a debugger. + * + * @see basic::dbgprint + * @see basic::printtree */ +void basic::dbgprinttree(void) const { - return 0; + this->print(print_tree(std::cerr)); } -ex basic::op(int const i) const +/** Create a new copy of this on the heap. One can think of this as simulating + * a virtual copy constructor which is needed for instance by the refcounted + * construction of an ex from a basic. */ +basic * basic::duplicate() const { - return (const_cast(this))->let_op(i); + debugmsg("basic duplicate",LOGLEVEL_DUPLICATE); + return new basic(*this); } -ex & basic::let_op(int const i) +/** Information about the object. + * + * @see class info_flags */ +bool basic::info(unsigned inf) const { - throw(std::out_of_range("op() out of range")); + // all possible properties are false for basic objects + return false; } -ex basic::operator[](ex const & index) const +/** Number of operands/members. */ +unsigned basic::nops() const { - if (is_exactly_of_type(*index.bp,numeric)) { - return op(static_cast(*index.bp).to_int()); - } - throw(std::invalid_argument("non-numeric indices not supported by this type")); + // iterating from 0 to nops() on atomic objects should be an empty loop, + // and accessing their elements is a range error. Container objects should + // override this. + return 0; } -ex basic::operator[](int const i) const +/** Return operand/member at position i. */ +ex basic::op(int i) const { - return op(i); + return (const_cast(this))->let_op(i); } -bool basic::has(ex const & other) const +/** Return modifyable operand/member at position i. */ +ex & basic::let_op(int i) { - ASSERT(other.bp!=0); - if (is_equal(*other.bp)) return true; - if (nops()>0) { - for (int i=0; i(*index.bp).to_int()); + + throw(std::invalid_argument("non-numeric indices not supported by this type")); } -int basic::ldegree(symbol const & s) const +ex basic::operator[](int i) const { - return 0; + return op(i); } -ex basic::coeff(symbol const & s, int const n) const +/** Search ocurrences. An object 'has' an expression if it is the expression + * itself or one of the children 'has' it. As a consequence (according to + * the definition of children) given e=x+y+z, e.has(x) is true but e.has(x+y) + * is false. */ +bool basic::has(const ex & other) const { - return n==0 ? *this : exZERO(); + GINAC_ASSERT(other.bp!=0); + if (is_equal(*other.bp)) return true; + if (nops()>0) { + for (unsigned i=0; ihold(); + return 0; } -ex basic::evalf(int level) const +/** Return coefficient of degree n in symbol s. */ +ex basic::coeff(const ex & s, int n) const { - return *this; + return n==0 ? *this : _ex0(); } -ex basic::subs(lst const & ls, lst const & lr) const +/** Sort expression in terms of powers of some symbol. + * @param s symbol to sort in. */ +ex basic::collect(const ex & s) const { - return *this; + ex x; + for (int n=this->ldegree(s); n<=this->degree(s); ++n) + x += this->coeff(s,n)*power(s,n); + + // correct for lost fractional arguments and return + return x + (*this - x).expand(); } -exvector basic::get_indices(void) const +/** Perform automatic non-interruptive symbolic evaluation on expression. */ +ex basic::eval(int level) const { - return exvector(); // return an empty exvector + // There is nothing to do for basic objects: + return this->hold(); } -ex basic::simplify_ncmul(exvector const & v) const +/** Evaluate object numerically. */ +ex basic::evalf(int level) const { - return simplified_ncmul(v); + // There is nothing to do for basic objects: + return *this; } -// protected - -int basic::compare_same_type(basic const & other) const +/** Perform automatic symbolic evaluations on indexed expression that + * contains this object as the base expression. */ +ex basic::eval_indexed(const basic & i) const + // this function can't take a "const ex & i" because that would result + // in an infinite eval() loop { - return compare_pointers(this, &other); + // There is nothing to do for basic objects + return i.hold(); } -bool basic::is_equal_same_type(basic const & other) const +/** Add two indexed expressions. They are guaranteed to be of class indexed + * (or a subclass) and their indices are compatible. This function is used + * internally by simplify_indexed(). + * + * @param self First indexed expression; it's base object is *this + * @param other Second indexed expression + * @return sum of self and other + * @see ex::simplify_indexed() */ +ex basic::add_indexed(const ex & self, const ex & other) const { - return compare_same_type(other)==0; + return self + other; } -unsigned basic::return_type(void) const +/** Multiply an indexed expression with a scalar. This function is used + * internally by simplify_indexed(). + * + * @param self Indexed expression; it's base object is *this + * @param other Numeric value + * @return product of self and other + * @see ex::simplify_indexed() */ +ex basic::scalar_mul_indexed(const ex & self, const numeric & other) const { - return return_types::commutative; + return self * other; } -unsigned basic::return_type_tinfo(void) const +/** Try to contract two indexed expressions that appear in the same product. + * If a contraction exists, the function overwrites one or both of the + * expressions and returns true. Otherwise it returns false. It is + * guaranteed that both expressions are of class indexed (or a subclass) + * and that at least one dummy index has been found. This functions is + * used internally by simplify_indexed(). + * + * @param self Pointer to first indexed expression; it's base object is *this + * @param other Pointer to second indexed expression + * @param v The complete vector of factors + * @return true if the contraction was successful, false otherwise + * @see ex::simplify_indexed() */ +bool basic::contract_with(exvector::iterator self, exvector::iterator other, exvector & v) const { - return tinfo(); + // Do nothing + return false; } -unsigned basic::calchash(void) const +/** Substitute a set of objects by arbitrary expressions. The ex returned + * will already be evaluated. */ +ex basic::subs(const lst & ls, const lst & lr) const { - unsigned v=golden_ratio_hash(tinfo()); - for (int i=0; i(this))->let_op(i).gethash(); - } + GINAC_ASSERT(ls.nops() == lr.nops()); - v = v & 0x7FFFFFFFU; - - // store calculated hash value only if object is already evaluated - if (flags & status_flags::evaluated) { - setflag(status_flags::hash_calculated); - hashvalue=v; - } + for (unsigned i=0; isetflag(status_flags::expanded); + // trivial: zeroth derivative + if (nth==0) + return ex(*this); + + // evaluate unevaluated *this before differentiating + if (!(flags & status_flags::evaluated)) + return ex(*this).diff(s, nth); + + ex ndiff = this->derivative(s); + while (!ndiff.is_zero() && // stop differentiating zeros + nth>1) { + ndiff = ndiff.diff(s); + --nth; + } + return ndiff; } -////////// -// non-virtual functions in this class -////////// - -// public - -ex basic::subs(ex const & e) const -{ - // accept 2 types of replacement expressions: - // - symbol==ex - // - lst(symbol1==ex1,symbol2==ex2,...) - // convert to subs(lst(symbol1,symbol2,...),lst(ex1,ex2,...)) - // additionally, idx can be used instead of symbol - if (e.info(info_flags::relation_equal)) { - return subs(lst(e)); - } - if (!e.info(info_flags::list)) { - throw(std::invalid_argument("basic::subs(ex): argument must be a list")); - } - lst ls; - lst lr; - for (int i=0; ihash_other) return 1; +// protected - unsigned typeid_this = tinfo(); - unsigned typeid_other = other.tinfo(); +/** Default implementation of ex::diff(). It simply throws an error message. + * + * @exception logic_error (differentiation not supported by this type) + * @see ex::diff */ +ex basic::derivative(const symbol & s) const +{ + throw(std::logic_error("differentiation not supported by this type")); +} - if (typeid_thisprintraw(cout); - cout << " and "; - other.printraw(cout); - cout << endl; - */ - return -1; - } - if (typeid_this>typeid_other) { - /* - cout << "hash collision, different types: " - << *this << " and " << other << endl; - this->printraw(cout); - cout << " and "; - other.printraw(cout); - cout << endl; - */ - return 1; - } +/** Returns order relation between two objects of same type. This needs to be + * implemented by each class. It may never return anything else than 0, + * signalling equality, or +1 and -1 signalling inequality and determining + * the canonical ordering. (Perl hackers will wonder why C++ doesn't feature + * the spaceship operator <=> for denoting just this.) */ +int basic::compare_same_type(const basic & other) const +{ + return compare_pointers(this, &other); +} - ASSERT(typeid(*this)==typeid(other)); +/** Returns true if two objects of same type are equal. Normally needs + * not be reimplemented as long as it wasn't overwritten by some parent + * class, since it just calls compare_same_type(). The reason why this + * function exists is that sometimes it is easier to determine equality + * than an order relation and then it can be overridden. */ +bool basic::is_equal_same_type(const basic & other) const +{ + return this->compare_same_type(other)==0; +} - int cmpval=compare_same_type(other); - if ((cmpval!=0)&&(hash_this<0x80000000U)) { - /* - cout << "hash collision, same type: " - << *this << " and " << other << endl; - this->printraw(cout); - cout << " and "; - other.printraw(cout); - cout << endl; - */ - } - return cmpval; +unsigned basic::return_type(void) const +{ + return return_types::commutative; } -bool basic::is_equal(basic const & other) const +unsigned basic::return_type_tinfo(void) const { - unsigned hash_this = gethash(); - unsigned hash_other = other.gethash(); + return tinfo(); +} - if (hash_this!=hash_other) return false; +/** Compute the hash value of an object and if it makes sense to store it in + * the objects status_flags, do so. The method inherited from class basic + * computes a hash value based on the type and hash values of possible + * members. For this reason it is well suited for container classes but + * atomic classes should override this implementation because otherwise they + * would all end up with the same hashvalue. */ +unsigned basic::calchash(void) const +{ + unsigned v = golden_ratio_hash(tinfo()); + for (unsigned i=0; i(this))->op(i).gethash(); + } + + // mask out numeric hashes: + v &= 0x7FFFFFFFU; + + // store calculated hash value only if object is already evaluated + if (flags & status_flags::evaluated) { + setflag(status_flags::hash_calculated); + hashvalue = v; + } + + return v; +} + +/** Expand expression, i.e. multiply it out and return the result as a new + * expression. */ +ex basic::expand(unsigned options) const +{ + return this->setflag(status_flags::expanded); +} - unsigned typeid_this = tinfo(); - unsigned typeid_other = other.tinfo(); - if (typeid_this!=typeid_other) return false; +////////// +// non-virtual functions in this class +////////// - ASSERT(typeid(*this)==typeid(other)); +// public - return is_equal_same_type(other); +/** Substitute objects in an expression (syntactic substitution) and return + * the result as a new expression. There are two valid types of + * replacement arguments: 1) a relational like object==ex and 2) a list of + * relationals lst(object1==ex1,object2==ex2,...), which is converted to + * subs(lst(object1,object2,...),lst(ex1,ex2,...)). */ +ex basic::subs(const ex & e) const +{ + if (e.info(info_flags::relation_equal)) { + return subs(lst(e)); + } + if (!e.info(info_flags::list)) { + throw(std::invalid_argument("basic::subs(ex): argument must be a list")); + } + lst ls; + lst lr; + for (unsigned i=0; ihash_other) return 1; + + unsigned typeid_this = tinfo(); + unsigned typeid_other = other.tinfo(); + + if (typeid_thisprint(print_tree(std::cout)); +// std::cout << " and "; +// other.print(print_tree(std::cout)); +// std::cout << std::endl; + return -1; + } + if (typeid_this>typeid_other) { +// std::cout << "hash collision, different types: " +// << *this << " and " << other << std::endl; +// this->print(print_tree(std::cout)); +// std::cout << " and "; +// other.print(print_tree(std::cout)); +// std::cout << std::endl; + return 1; + } + + GINAC_ASSERT(typeid(*this)==typeid(other)); + +// int cmpval = compare_same_type(other); +// if ((cmpval!=0) && (hash_this<0x80000000U)) { +// std::cout << "hash collision, same type: " +// << *this << " and " << other << std::endl; +// this->print(print_tree(std::cout)); +// std::cout << " and "; +// other.print(print_tree(std::cout)); +// std::cout << std::endl; +// } +// return cmpval; + + return compare_same_type(other); +} + +/** Test for equality. + * This is only a quick test, meaning objects should be in the same domain. + * You might have to .expand(), .normal() objects first, depending on the + * domain of your computation, to get a more reliable answer. + * + * @see is_equal_same_type */ +bool basic::is_equal(const basic & other) const +{ + if (this->gethash()!=other.gethash()) + return false; + if (this->tinfo()!=other.tinfo()) + return false; + + GINAC_ASSERT(typeid(*this)==typeid(other)); + + return this->is_equal_same_type(other); } // protected -basic const & basic::hold(void) const +/** Stop further evaluation. + * + * @see basic::eval */ +const basic & basic::hold(void) const { - return setflag(status_flags::evaluated); + return this->setflag(status_flags::evaluated); } +/** Ensure the object may be modified without hurting others, throws if this + * is not the case. */ void basic::ensure_if_modifiable(void) const { - if (refcount>1) { - throw(std::runtime_error("cannot modify multiply referenced object")); - } + if (this->refcount>1) + throw(std::runtime_error("cannot modify multiply referenced object")); } ////////// @@ -401,20 +566,12 @@ void basic::ensure_if_modifiable(void) const // protected -unsigned basic::precedence=70; -unsigned basic::delta_indent=4; - -////////// -// global constants -////////// - -const basic some_basic; -type_info const & typeid_basic=typeid(some_basic); +unsigned basic::precedence = 70; ////////// // global variables ////////// -int max_recursion_level=1024; +int max_recursion_level = 1024; } // namespace GiNaC