GiNaC-cint \- An interactive interface for GiNaC based on the Cint C/C++ interpreter
.SH SYNPOSIS
.B ginaccint
+[file ...]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B ginaccint
is an interactive frontend for the GiNaC symbolic computation
-framework. It is a tool that lets you write interactive programs in
-C++ that directly make use of GiNaC's classes and thus a more complete
-replacement for traditional interactive computer algebra systems than
-\fBginsh\fP(1) is. Programs may be composed as scripts and later compiled
-with the native compiler and linked into the system.
+framework. It is a tool that lets you write interactive programs
+(scripts) in C++ that directly make use of GiNaC's classes. Thus it
+is a more complete replacement for traditional interactive computer
+algebra systems than \fBginsh\fP(1) is. Programs may be composed as
+scripts and later compiled with the native compiler and linked into
+the system.
.SH USAGE
.SS INPUT FORMAT
-After startup, ginsh displays a prompt signifying that it is ready to
+After startup, GiNaC-cint reads and executes the files given as
+command line arguments. If any of these files contains a
+.BR .quit
+command, GiNaC-cint exits at this point.
+Otherwise it displays a prompt signifying that it is ready to
accept your input. All C++ statements are valid as input, extended by
GiNaC's numeric or symbolic expressions. E.g.
-.BR fibonacci(24)/1104;
+.BR fibonacci(24)/1104;
returns a GiNaC object of class
-.BR ex,
-, which in this case represents the numeric 42. Symbols are declared by
+.BR "ex" ,
+which in this case represents the numeric 42. Symbols are declared by
statements as
.nf
GiNaC> symbol x("x"), y("y"), z;
.fi
which defines two named symbols and an anonymous one for later usage.
-All GiNaC methods and functions are available as they would be typed
+All GiNaC methods and functions are available as they would be coded
in C++. It is not necessary to explicitly invoke a print command as
the last expression is automatically printed:
.nf
GiNaC> pow(x+y,4).expand();
-out2 = x^4+4*x^3*y+6*x^2*y^2+4*x*y^3+y^4
+Out2 = x^4+4*x^3*y+6*x^2*y^2+4*x*y^3+y^4
.fi
-Statements are generally closed by either when a closing brace
+Statements are generally closed either when a closing brace
.RB ( } )
matches the first opening brace
.RB ( { )
or a semicolon
.RB ( ; )
-is encountered.
+is encountered while there are no open braces. This implies that
+an input like
+.nf
+GiNaC> class A {
+ > }
+ > ;
+.fi
+is misinterpreted to be complete after the closing brace.
+Instead you have to write
+.nf
+GiNaC> class A {
+ > };
+.fi
.SS SPECIAL COMMANDS
+
+Lines starting with a dot mark special GiNaC-cint commands. Instead of
+.BR "\fB.cmd\fB"
+you can also write
+.BR "\fB//GiNaC-cint.cmd\fB"
+to be compatible with programs that will be compiled later.
+This is mostly useful for the
+.BR "\fB.function\fB"
+declaration.
+
+Lines starting with #! (for #!/path/ginaccint) are ignored.
+
+
.IP "\fB.cint\fR"
-Switch to cint interactive mode.
+Switch to cint's interactive mode.
+
.IP "\fB.function\fR"
Allow a function definition in interactive mode. GiNaC-cint must be
function definition in valid C++ syntax may be typed in. It becomes
immediatly available for usage.
-.IP "\fBquit;\fR"
-Exit from GiNaC-Cint. Same as
-.BR "exit;" ,
-.BR "bye;" ,
+.IP "\fB.help\fB"
+
+List a short summary of available commands.
+
+.IP "\fB.quit\fR"
+Exit from GiNaC-cint. Same as
+.BR ".bye" ,
+.BR ".exit" ,
.BR ".q" ,
-.BR ".quit" ,
-.BR ".exit " or
-.BR ".bye" .
+.BR "bye;" ,
+.BR "exit; " or
+.BR "quit;" .
+
+.IP "\fB.read filename\fB"
+
+Read a file from disk and execute it in GiNaC-cint
+(recursive call is possible).
+
+.IP "\fB.redirect [filename]\fB"
+
+Redirect
+.BR "\fBOut\fP\fInum\fP"
+output to a file (
+.BR .redirect
+alone redirects output to console).
+
+.IP "\fB.restart\fB"
+
+Restart GiNaC-cint (does not re-read command line files).
+
+.IP "\fB.save filename\fB"
+
+Save the commands you have entered so far in a file.
+
+.IP "\fB.silent\fB"
+
+suppress
+.BR "\fBOut\fP\fInum\fP"
+output (variables are still accessible).
+
+.IP "\fB.> [filename]\fB"
+
+same as
+.BR "\fB.redirect [filename]\fB" .
.IP "\fBOut\fP\fInum\fP"
Returns the expression whose output was marked
.BR "\fBOut\fP\fInum\fP"
as a handle.
+.IP "\fBLAST\fP, \fBLLAST, \fP\fBLLLAST\fP"
+Return the last, second last and third last expression,
+respectively.
+
.SH EXAMPLES
.nf
GiNaC> symbol x("x"), y("y"), z("z");
GiNaC> s.normal();
Out2 = (-2+x)*(1+x)^(-1)
GiNaC> for (int i=2; i<20; i+=2) {
- > cout << "B(" << i << ") == " << bernoulli(i) << endl;
+ > cout << "B(" << i << ")==" << bernoulli(i) << endl;
> }
B(2)==1/6
B(4)==-1/30
next expression can be a function definition
GiNaC> ex EulerNumber(unsigned n)
> {
- > symbol x;
- > const ex generator = pow(cosh(x),-1);
- > return generator.diff(x,n).subs(x==0);
+ > symbol xi;
+ > const ex generator = pow(cosh(xi),-1);
+ > return generator.diff(xi,n).subs(xi==0);
> }
creating file /tmp/ginac26197caa
GiNaC> EulerNumber(42);
Out3 = -10364622733519612119397957304745185976310201
-GiNaC> quit;
+GiNaC> ex f = expand((x*y*z-1)*(x*y*z+3));
+GiNaC> ex g = expand((x*y*z-1)*(x*y*z-3));
+GiNaC> cout << "The GCD of " << f << " and " << g << endl
+ > << " is " << gcd(f, g) << endl
+ > << " so " << f/g << endl
+ > << " is " << normal(f/g) << endl;
+The GCD of -3+2*x*z*y+x^2*z^2*y^2 and 3-4*x*z*y+x^2*z^2*y^2
+ is -1+x*z*y
+ so (-3+2*x*z*y+x^2*z^2*y^2)*(3-4*x*z*y+x^2*z^2*y^2)^(-1)
+ is (-3+x*z*y)^(-1)*(3+x*z*y)
+GiNaC> .quit
.fi
.SH BUGS
<MXJ02154@niftyserve.or.jp> for Cint-related bugs and
<ginac-bugs@ginac.de> for any bugs in the GiNaC engine.
+Only expressions (class
+.BR ex )
+are typed out and available through
+.BR "\fBOut\fP\fInum\fP"
+and
+.BR LAST
+after declaring them. This accounts for some funny behaviour, like
+.BR fibonacci(7)
+doesn't print, but
+.BR fibonacci(7)*1
+does, since this is not a naked number but an expression holding
+that number. A warning message is printed in this case only for
+the first occurence.
+
.SH AUTHOR
.TP
The GiNaC Group
.PP
\fBginsh\fP(1)
.SH COPYRIGHT
-.SS CINT COPYRIGHT
-Copyright \(co of Cint and associated tools are owned by Agilent
-Technologies Japan Company and the author. Acknowledgement to the
-author by e-mail is recommended at installation. Source code, binary
-executable or library of Cint and associated tools can be used,
-modified and distributed free of charge for any purpose provided that
-the copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright
-notice and this permission notice appear in documentation.
-Registration is requested, at this moment, for commercial use. Send
-e-mail to the author <MXJ02154@niftyserve.or.jp>. The registration is
-free.
.SS GINAC COPYRIGHT
Copyright \(co 1999-2000 Johannes Gutenberg Universit\(:at Mainz, Germany
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
+.SS CINT COPYRIGHT
+Copyright \(co of Cint and associated tools are owned by Agilent
+Technologies Japan Company and the author. Acknowledgement to the
+author by e-mail is recommended at installation. Source code, binary
+executable or library of Cint and associated tools can be used,
+modified and distributed free of charge for any purpose provided that
+the copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright
+notice and this permission notice appear in documentation.
+Registration is requested, at this moment, for commercial use. Send
+e-mail to the author <MXJ02154@niftyserve.or.jp>. The registration is
+free.
git://www.ginac.de / ginac.git / blobdiff