ginac/add.cpp

   1 /** @file add.cpp
   2  *
   3  *  Implementation of GiNaC's sums of expressions. */
   4
   5 /*
   6  *  GiNaC Copyright (C) 1999-2001 Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
   7  *
   8  *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   9  *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  10  *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  11  *  (at your option) any later version.
  12  *
  13  *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  14  *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  15  *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  16  *  GNU General Public License for more details.
  17  *
  18  *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  19  *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  20  *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
  21  */
  22
  23 #include <iostream>
  24 #include <stdexcept>
  25
  26 #include "add.h"
  27 #include "mul.h"
  28 #include "archive.h"
  29 #include "debugmsg.h"
  30 #include "utils.h"
  31
  32 namespace GiNaC {
  33
  34 GINAC_IMPLEMENT_REGISTERED_CLASS(add, expairseq)
  35
  36 //////////
  37 // default constructor, destructor, copy constructor assignment operator and helpers
  38 //////////
  39
  40 // public
  41
  42 add::add()
  43 {
  44         debugmsg("add default constructor",LOGLEVEL_CONSTRUCT);
  45         tinfo_key = TINFO_add;
  46 }
  47
  48 // protected
  49
  50 /** For use by copy ctor and assignment operator. */
  51 void add::copy(const add & other)
  52 {
  53         inherited::copy(other);
  54 }
  55
  56 void add::destroy(bool call_parent)
  57 {
  58         if (call_parent) inherited::destroy(call_parent);
  59 }
  60
  61 //////////
  62 // other constructors
  63 //////////
  64
  65 // public
  66
  67 add::add(const ex & lh, const ex & rh)
  68 {
  69         debugmsg("add constructor from ex,ex",LOGLEVEL_CONSTRUCT);
  70         tinfo_key = TINFO_add;
  71         overall_coeff = _ex0();
  72         construct_from_2_ex(lh,rh);
  73         GINAC_ASSERT(is_canonical());
  74 }
  75
  76 add::add(const exvector & v)
  77 {
  78         debugmsg("add constructor from exvector",LOGLEVEL_CONSTRUCT);
  79         tinfo_key = TINFO_add;
  80         overall_coeff = _ex0();
  81         construct_from_exvector(v);
  82         GINAC_ASSERT(is_canonical());
  83 }
  84
  85 add::add(const epvector & v)
  86 {
  87         debugmsg("add constructor from epvector",LOGLEVEL_CONSTRUCT);
  88         tinfo_key = TINFO_add;
  89         overall_coeff = _ex0();
  90         construct_from_epvector(v);
  91         GINAC_ASSERT(is_canonical());
  92 }
  93
  94 add::add(const epvector & v, const ex & oc)
  95 {
  96         debugmsg("add constructor from epvector,ex",LOGLEVEL_CONSTRUCT);
  97         tinfo_key = TINFO_add;
  98         overall_coeff = oc;
  99         construct_from_epvector(v);
 100         GINAC_ASSERT(is_canonical());
 101 }
 102
 103 add::add(epvector * vp, const ex & oc)
 104 {
 105         debugmsg("add constructor from epvector *,ex",LOGLEVEL_CONSTRUCT);
 106         tinfo_key = TINFO_add;
 107         GINAC_ASSERT(vp!=0);
 108         overall_coeff = oc;
 109         construct_from_epvector(*vp);
 110         delete vp;
 111         GINAC_ASSERT(is_canonical());
 112 }
 113
 114 //////////
 115 // archiving
 116 //////////
 117
 118 /** Construct object from archive_node. */
 119 add::add(const archive_node &n, const lst &sym_lst) : inherited(n, sym_lst)
 120 {
 121         debugmsg("add constructor from archive_node", LOGLEVEL_CONSTRUCT);
 122 }
 123
 124 /** Unarchive the object. */
 125 ex add::unarchive(const archive_node &n, const lst &sym_lst)
 126 {
 127         return (new add(n, sym_lst))->setflag(status_flags::dynallocated);
 128 }
 129
 130 /** Archive the object. */
 131 void add::archive(archive_node &n) const
 132 {
 133         inherited::archive(n);
 134 }
 135
 136 //////////
 137 // functions overriding virtual functions from bases classes
 138 //////////
 139
 140 // public
 141
 142 void add::print(std::ostream & os, unsigned upper_precedence) const
 143 {
 144         debugmsg("add print",LOGLEVEL_PRINT);
 145         if (precedence<=upper_precedence) os << "(";
 146         numeric coeff;
 147         bool first = true;
 148         // first print the overall numeric coefficient, if present:
 149         if (!overall_coeff.is_zero()) {
 150                 os << overall_coeff;
 151                 first = false;
 152         }
 153         // then proceed with the remaining factors:
 154         for (epvector::const_iterator cit=seq.begin(); cit!=seq.end(); ++cit) {
 155                 coeff = ex_to_numeric(cit->coeff);
 156                 if (!first) {
 157                         if (coeff.csgn()==-1) os << '-'; else os << '+';
 158                 } else {
 159                         if (coeff.csgn()==-1) os << '-';
 160                         first = false;
 161                 }
 162                 if (!coeff.is_equal(_num1()) &&
 163                     !coeff.is_equal(_num_1())) {
 164                         if (coeff.is_rational()) {
 165                                 if (coeff.is_negative())
 166                                         os << -coeff;
 167                                 else
 168                                         os << coeff;
 169                         } else {
 170                                 if (coeff.csgn()==-1)
 171                                         (-coeff).print(os, precedence);
 172                                 else
 173                                         coeff.print(os, precedence);
 174                         }
 175                         os << '*';
 176                 }
 177                 cit->rest.print(os, precedence);
 178         }
 179         if (precedence<=upper_precedence) os << ")";
 180 }
 181
 182 void add::printraw(std::ostream & os) const
 183 {
 184         debugmsg("add printraw",LOGLEVEL_PRINT);
 185
 186         os << "+(";
 187         for (epvector::const_iterator it=seq.begin(); it!=seq.end(); ++it) {
 188                 os << "(";
 189                 (*it).rest.bp->printraw(os);
 190                 os << ",";
 191                 (*it).coeff.bp->printraw(os);
 192                 os << "),";
 193         }
 194         os << ",hash=" << hashvalue << ",flags=" << flags;
 195         os << ")";
 196 }
 197
 198 void add::printcsrc(std::ostream & os, unsigned type, unsigned upper_precedence) const
 199 {
 200         debugmsg("add print csrc", LOGLEVEL_PRINT);
 201         if (precedence <= upper_precedence)
 202                 os << "(";
 203
 204         // Print arguments, separated by "+"
 205         epvector::const_iterator it = seq.begin();
 206         epvector::const_iterator itend = seq.end();
 207         while (it != itend) {
 208
 209                 // If the coefficient is -1, it is replaced by a single minus sign
 210                 if (it->coeff.compare(_num1()) == 0) {
 211                         it->rest.bp->printcsrc(os, type, precedence);
 212                 } else if (it->coeff.compare(_num_1()) == 0) {
 213                         os << "-";
 214                         it->rest.bp->printcsrc(os, type, precedence);
 215                 } else if (ex_to_numeric(it->coeff).numer().compare(_num1()) == 0) {
 216                         it->rest.bp->printcsrc(os, type, precedence);
 217                         os << "/";
 218                         ex_to_numeric(it->coeff).denom().printcsrc(os, type, precedence);
 219                 } else if (ex_to_numeric(it->coeff).numer().compare(_num_1()) == 0) {
 220                         os << "-";
 221                         it->rest.bp->printcsrc(os, type, precedence);
 222                         os << "/";
 223                         ex_to_numeric(it->coeff).denom().printcsrc(os, type, precedence);
 224                 } else {
 225                         it->coeff.bp->printcsrc(os, type, precedence);
 226                         os << "*";
 227                         it->rest.bp->printcsrc(os, type, precedence);
 228                 }
 229
 230                 // Separator is "+", except if the following expression would have a leading minus sign
 231                 it++;
 232                 if (it != itend && !(it->coeff.compare(_num0()) < 0 || (it->coeff.compare(_num1()) == 0 && is_ex_exactly_of_type(it->rest, numeric) && it->rest.compare(_num0()) < 0)))
 233                         os << "+";
 234         }
 235
 236         if (!overall_coeff.is_zero()) {
 237                 if (overall_coeff.info(info_flags::positive)) os << '+';
 238                 overall_coeff.bp->printcsrc(os,type,precedence);
 239         }
 240
 241         if (precedence <= upper_precedence)
 242                 os << ")";
 243 }
 244
 245 bool add::info(unsigned inf) const
 246 {
 247         switch (inf) {
 248                 case info_flags::polynomial:
 249                 case info_flags::integer_polynomial:
 250                 case info_flags::cinteger_polynomial:
 251                 case info_flags::rational_polynomial:
 252                 case info_flags::crational_polynomial:
 253                 case info_flags::rational_function: {
 254                         for (epvector::const_iterator i=seq.begin(); i!=seq.end(); ++i) {
 255                                 if (!(recombine_pair_to_ex(*i).info(inf)))
 256                                         return false;
 257                         }
 258                         return overall_coeff.info(inf);
 259                 }
 260                 case info_flags::algebraic: {
 261                         for (epvector::const_iterator i=seq.begin(); i!=seq.end(); ++i) {
 262                                 if ((recombine_pair_to_ex(*i).info(inf)))
 263                                         return true;
 264                         }
 265                         return false;
 266                 }
 267         }
 268         return inherited::info(inf);
 269 }
 270
 271 int add::degree(const symbol & s) const
 272 {
 273         int deg = INT_MIN;
 274         if (!overall_coeff.is_equal(_ex0()))
 275                 deg = 0;
 276
 277         int cur_deg;
 278         for (epvector::const_iterator cit=seq.begin(); cit!=seq.end(); ++cit) {
 279                 cur_deg = (*cit).rest.degree(s);
 280                 if (cur_deg>deg)
 281                         deg = cur_deg;
 282         }
 283         return deg;
 284 }
 285
 286 int add::ldegree(const symbol & s) const
 287 {
 288         int deg = INT_MAX;
 289         if (!overall_coeff.is_equal(_ex0()))
 290                 deg = 0;
 291
 292         int cur_deg;
 293         for (epvector::const_iterator cit=seq.begin(); cit!=seq.end(); ++cit) {
 294                 cur_deg = (*cit).rest.ldegree(s);
 295                 if (cur_deg<deg) deg=cur_deg;
 296         }
 297         return deg;
 298 }
 299
 300 ex add::coeff(const symbol & s, int n) const
 301 {
 302         epvector coeffseq;
 303         coeffseq.reserve(seq.size());
 304
 305         epvector::const_iterator it=seq.begin();
 306         while (it!=seq.end()) {
 307                 coeffseq.push_back(combine_ex_with_coeff_to_pair((*it).rest.coeff(s,n),
 308                                                                  (*it).coeff));
 309                 ++it;
 310         }
 311         if (n==0) {
 312                 return (new add(coeffseq,overall_coeff))->setflag(status_flags::dynallocated);
 313         }
 314         return (new add(coeffseq))->setflag(status_flags::dynallocated);
 315 }
 316
 317 ex add::eval(int level) const
 318 {
 319         // simplifications: +(;c) -> c
 320         //                  +(x;1) -> x
 321
 322         debugmsg("add eval",LOGLEVEL_MEMBER_FUNCTION);
 323
 324         epvector * evaled_seqp = evalchildren(level);
 325         if (evaled_seqp!=0) {
 326                 // do more evaluation later
 327                 return (new add(evaled_seqp,overall_coeff))->
 328                        setflag(status_flags::dynallocated);
 329         }
 330
 331 #ifdef DO_GINAC_ASSERT
 332         for (epvector::const_iterator cit=seq.begin(); cit!=seq.end(); ++cit) {
 333                 GINAC_ASSERT(!is_ex_exactly_of_type((*cit).rest,add));
 334                 if (is_ex_exactly_of_type((*cit).rest,numeric))
 335                         dbgprint();
 336                 GINAC_ASSERT(!is_ex_exactly_of_type((*cit).rest,numeric));
 337         }
 338 #endif // def DO_GINAC_ASSERT
 339
 340         if (flags & status_flags::evaluated) {
 341                 GINAC_ASSERT(seq.size()>0);
 342                 GINAC_ASSERT(seq.size()>1 || !overall_coeff.is_zero());
 343                 return *this;
 344         }
 345
 346         int seq_size = seq.size();
 347         if (seq_size==0) {
 348                 // +(;c) -> c
 349                 return overall_coeff;
 350         } else if ((seq_size==1) && overall_coeff.is_equal(_ex0())) {
 351                 // +(x;0) -> x
 352                 return recombine_pair_to_ex(*(seq.begin()));
 353         }
 354         return this->hold();
 355 }
 356
 357 ex add::simplify_ncmul(const exvector & v) const
 358 {
 359         if (seq.size()==0) {
 360                 return inherited::simplify_ncmul(v);
 361         }
 362         return (*seq.begin()).rest.simplify_ncmul(v);
 363 }
 364
 365 // protected
 366
 367 /** Implementation of ex::diff() for a sum. It differentiates each term.
 368  *  @see ex::diff */
 369 ex add::derivative(const symbol & s) const
 370 {
 371         // D(a+b+c)=D(a)+D(b)+D(c)
 372         return (new add(diffchildren(s)))->setflag(status_flags::dynallocated);
 373 }
 374
 375 int add::compare_same_type(const basic & other) const
 376 {
 377         return inherited::compare_same_type(other);
 378 }
 379
 380 bool add::is_equal_same_type(const basic & other) const
 381 {
 382         return inherited::is_equal_same_type(other);
 383 }
 384
 385 unsigned add::return_type(void) const
 386 {
 387         if (seq.size()==0) {
 388                 return return_types::commutative;
 389         }
 390         return (*seq.begin()).rest.return_type();
 391 }
 392
 393 unsigned add::return_type_tinfo(void) const
 394 {
 395         if (seq.size()==0) {
 396                 return tinfo_key;
 397         }
 398         return (*seq.begin()).rest.return_type_tinfo();
 399 }
 400
 401 ex add::thisexpairseq(const epvector & v, const ex & oc) const
 402 {
 403         return (new add(v,oc))->setflag(status_flags::dynallocated);
 404 }
 405
 406 ex add::thisexpairseq(epvector * vp, const ex & oc) const
 407 {
 408         return (new add(vp,oc))->setflag(status_flags::dynallocated);
 409 }
 410
 411 expair add::split_ex_to_pair(const ex & e) const
 412 {
 413         if (is_ex_exactly_of_type(e,mul)) {
 414                 const mul &mulref = ex_to_mul(e);
 415                 ex numfactor = mulref.overall_coeff;
 416                 mul *mulcopyp = new mul(mulref);
 417                 mulcopyp->overall_coeff = _ex1();
 418                 mulcopyp->clearflag(status_flags::evaluated);
 419                 mulcopyp->clearflag(status_flags::hash_calculated);
 420                 mulcopyp->setflag(status_flags::dynallocated);
 421                 return expair(*mulcopyp,numfactor);
 422         }
 423         return expair(e,_ex1());
 424 }
 425
 426 expair add::combine_ex_with_coeff_to_pair(const ex & e,
 427                                                                                   const ex & c) const
 428 {
 429         GINAC_ASSERT(is_ex_exactly_of_type(c, numeric));
 430         if (is_ex_exactly_of_type(e, mul)) {
 431                 const mul &mulref = ex_to_mul(e);
 432                 ex numfactor = mulref.overall_coeff;
 433                 mul *mulcopyp = new mul(mulref);
 434                 mulcopyp->overall_coeff = _ex1();
 435                 mulcopyp->clearflag(status_flags::evaluated);
 436                 mulcopyp->clearflag(status_flags::hash_calculated);
 437                 mulcopyp->setflag(status_flags::dynallocated);
 438                 if (are_ex_trivially_equal(c, _ex1()))
 439                         return expair(*mulcopyp, numfactor);
 440                 else if (are_ex_trivially_equal(numfactor, _ex1()))
 441                         return expair(*mulcopyp, c);
 442                 else
 443                         return expair(*mulcopyp, ex_to_numeric(numfactor).mul_dyn(ex_to_numeric(c)));
 444         } else if (is_ex_exactly_of_type(e, numeric)) {
 445                 if (are_ex_trivially_equal(c, _ex1()))
 446                         return expair(e, _ex1());
 447                 return expair(ex_to_numeric(e).mul_dyn(ex_to_numeric(c)), _ex1());
 448         }
 449         return expair(e, c);
 450 }
 451
 452 expair add::combine_pair_with_coeff_to_pair(const expair & p,
 453                                                                                         const ex & c) const
 454 {
 455         GINAC_ASSERT(is_ex_exactly_of_type(p.coeff,numeric));
 456         GINAC_ASSERT(is_ex_exactly_of_type(c,numeric));
 457
 458         if (is_ex_exactly_of_type(p.rest,numeric)) {
 459                 GINAC_ASSERT(ex_to_numeric(p.coeff).is_equal(_num1())); // should be normalized
 460                 return expair(ex_to_numeric(p.rest).mul_dyn(ex_to_numeric(c)),_ex1());
 461         }
 462
 463         return expair(p.rest,ex_to_numeric(p.coeff).mul_dyn(ex_to_numeric(c)));
 464 }
 465
 466 ex add::recombine_pair_to_ex(const expair & p) const
 467 {
 468         if (ex_to_numeric(p.coeff).is_equal(_num1()))
 469                 return p.rest;
 470         else
 471                 return p.rest*p.coeff;
 472 }
 473
 474 ex add::expand(unsigned options) const
 475 {
 476         if (flags & status_flags::expanded)
 477                 return *this;
 478
 479         epvector * vp = expandchildren(options);
 480         if (vp==0) {
 481                 // the terms have not changed, so it is safe to declare this expanded
 482                 setflag(status_flags::expanded);
 483                 return *this;
 484         }
 485
 486         return (new add(vp,overall_coeff))->setflag(status_flags::expanded | status_flags::dynallocated);
 487 }
 488
 489 //////////
 490 // static member variables
 491 //////////
 492
 493 // protected
 494
 495 unsigned add::precedence = 40;
 496
 497 } // namespace GiNaC