3 * Interface to GiNaC's ABC. */
6 * GiNaC Copyright (C) 1999-2016 Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
8 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
9 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
10 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
11 * (at your option) any later version.
13 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
14 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
16 * GNU General Public License for more details.
18 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
20 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
28 #include "assertion.h"
29 #include "registrar.h"
31 #include <cstddef> // for size_t
34 #include <typeinfo> // for typeid
48 typedef std::vector<ex> exvector;
49 typedef std::set<ex, ex_is_less> exset;
50 typedef std::map<ex, ex, ex_is_less> exmap;
52 // Define this to enable some statistical output for comparisons and hashing
53 #undef GINAC_COMPARE_STATISTICS
55 #ifdef GINAC_COMPARE_STATISTICS
56 class compare_statistics_t {
58 compare_statistics_t()
59 : total_compares(0), nontrivial_compares(0), total_basic_compares(0), compare_same_hashvalue(0), compare_same_type(0),
60 total_is_equals(0), nontrivial_is_equals(0), total_basic_is_equals(0), is_equal_same_hashvalue(0), is_equal_same_type(0),
61 total_gethash(0), gethash_cached(0) {}
62 ~compare_statistics_t();
64 unsigned long total_compares;
65 unsigned long nontrivial_compares;
66 unsigned long total_basic_compares;
67 unsigned long compare_same_hashvalue;
68 unsigned long compare_same_type;
70 unsigned long total_is_equals;
71 unsigned long nontrivial_is_equals;
72 unsigned long total_basic_is_equals;
73 unsigned long is_equal_same_hashvalue;
74 unsigned long is_equal_same_type;
76 unsigned long total_gethash;
77 unsigned long gethash_cached;
80 extern compare_statistics_t compare_statistics;
84 /** Function object for map(). */
86 virtual ~map_function() {}
87 typedef const ex & argument_type;
88 typedef ex result_type;
89 virtual ex operator()(const ex & e) = 0;
93 /** Degenerate base class for visitors. basic and derivative classes
94 * support Robert C. Martin's Acyclic Visitor pattern (cf.
95 * http://objectmentor.com/publications/acv.pdf). */
102 /** This class is the ABC (abstract base class) of GiNaC's class hierarchy. */
103 class basic : public refcounted
105 GINAC_DECLARE_REGISTERED_CLASS_NO_CTORS(basic, void)
109 // default constructor, destructor, copy constructor and assignment operator
111 basic() : flags(0) {}
114 /** basic destructor, virtual because class ex will delete objects of
115 * derived classes via a basic*. */
118 GINAC_ASSERT((!(flags & status_flags::dynallocated)) || (get_refcount() == 0));
120 basic(const basic & other);
121 const basic & operator=(const basic & other);
124 // new virtual functions which can be overridden by derived classes
125 public: // only const functions please (may break reference counting)
127 /** Create a clone of this object on the heap. One can think of this as
128 * simulating a virtual copy constructor which is needed for instance by
129 * the refcounted construction of an ex from a basic. */
130 virtual basic * duplicate() const
132 basic * bp = new basic(*this);
133 bp->setflag(status_flags::dynallocated);
138 virtual ex eval() const;
139 virtual ex evalf() const;
140 virtual ex evalm() const;
141 virtual ex eval_integ() const;
143 virtual ex eval_ncmul(const exvector & v) const;
145 virtual ex eval_indexed(const basic & i) const;
148 virtual void print(const print_context & c, unsigned level = 0) const;
149 virtual void dbgprint() const;
150 virtual void dbgprinttree() const;
151 virtual unsigned precedence() const;
154 virtual bool info(unsigned inf) const;
157 virtual size_t nops() const;
158 virtual ex op(size_t i) const;
159 virtual ex operator[](const ex & index) const;
160 virtual ex operator[](size_t i) const;
161 virtual ex & let_op(size_t i);
162 virtual ex & operator[](const ex & index);
163 virtual ex & operator[](size_t i);
166 virtual bool has(const ex & other, unsigned options = 0) const;
167 virtual bool match(const ex & pattern, exmap & repls) const;
169 virtual bool match_same_type(const basic & other) const;
173 virtual ex subs(const exmap & m, unsigned options = 0) const;
176 virtual ex map(map_function & f) const;
178 // visitors and tree traversal
179 virtual void accept(GiNaC::visitor & v) const
181 if (visitor *p = dynamic_cast<visitor *>(&v))
186 virtual bool is_polynomial(const ex & var) const;
187 virtual int degree(const ex & s) const;
188 virtual int ldegree(const ex & s) const;
189 virtual ex coeff(const ex & s, int n = 1) const;
192 virtual ex expand(unsigned options = 0) const;
193 virtual ex collect(const ex & s, bool distributed = false) const;
195 // differentiation and series expansion
197 virtual ex derivative(const symbol & s) const;
199 virtual ex series(const relational & r, int order, unsigned options = 0) const;
201 // rational functions
202 virtual ex normal(exmap & repl, exmap & rev_lookup, int level = 0) const;
203 virtual ex to_rational(exmap & repl) const;
204 virtual ex to_polynomial(exmap & repl) const;
206 // polynomial algorithms
207 virtual numeric integer_content() const;
208 virtual ex smod(const numeric &xi) const;
209 virtual numeric max_coefficient() const;
212 virtual exvector get_free_indices() const;
213 virtual ex add_indexed(const ex & self, const ex & other) const;
214 virtual ex scalar_mul_indexed(const ex & self, const numeric & other) const;
215 virtual bool contract_with(exvector::iterator self, exvector::iterator other, exvector & v) const;
218 virtual unsigned return_type() const;
219 virtual return_type_t return_type_tinfo() const;
221 // functions for complex expressions
222 virtual ex conjugate() const;
223 virtual ex real_part() const;
224 virtual ex imag_part() const;
226 // functions that should be called from class ex only
228 virtual int compare_same_type(const basic & other) const;
229 virtual bool is_equal_same_type(const basic & other) const;
231 virtual unsigned calchash() const;
233 // non-virtual functions in this class
235 /** Like print(), but dispatch to the specified class. Can be used by
236 * implementations of print methods to dispatch to the method of the
239 * @see basic::print */
241 void print_dispatch(const print_context & c, unsigned level) const
243 print_dispatch(T::get_class_info_static(), c, level);
246 void print_dispatch(const registered_class_info & ri, const print_context & c, unsigned level) const;
248 /** Save (serialize) the object into archive node.
250 * Losely speaking, this method turns an expression into a byte
251 * stream (which can be saved and restored later on, or sent via
254 virtual void archive(archive_node& n) const;
255 /** Load (deserialize) the object from an archive node.
257 * @note This method is essentially a constructor. However,
258 * constructors can't be virtual. So, if unarchiving routines
259 * are implemented as constructors one would need to define such
260 * a constructor in every class, even if all it does is simply
261 * calling constructor of a superclass.
263 virtual void read_archive(const archive_node& n, lst& syms); // no const
265 ex subs_one_level(const exmap & m, unsigned options) const;
266 ex diff(const symbol & s, unsigned nth = 1) const;
267 int compare(const basic & other) const;
268 bool is_equal(const basic & other) const;
269 const basic & hold() const;
271 unsigned gethash() const
273 #ifdef GINAC_COMPARE_STATISTICS
274 compare_statistics.total_gethash++;
276 if (flags & status_flags::hash_calculated) {
277 #ifdef GINAC_COMPARE_STATISTICS
278 compare_statistics.gethash_cached++;
286 /** Set some status_flags. */
287 const basic & setflag(unsigned f) const {flags |= f; return *this;}
289 /** Clear some status_flags. */
290 const basic & clearflag(unsigned f) const {flags &= ~f; return *this;}
293 void ensure_if_modifiable() const;
295 void do_print(const print_context & c, unsigned level) const;
296 void do_print_tree(const print_tree & c, unsigned level) const;
297 void do_print_python_repr(const print_python_repr & c, unsigned level) const;
301 mutable unsigned flags; ///< of type status_flags
302 mutable unsigned hashvalue; ///< hash value
307 extern int max_recursion_level;
310 // convenience type checker template functions
312 /** Check if obj is a T, including base classes. */
314 inline bool is_a(const basic &obj)
316 return dynamic_cast<const T *>(&obj) != nullptr;
319 /** Check if obj is a T, not including base classes. */
321 inline bool is_exactly_a(const basic & obj)
323 return typeid(T) == typeid(obj);
326 /** Constructs a new (class basic or derived) B object on the heap.
328 * This function picks the object's ctor based on the given argument types.
330 * This helps the constructor of ex from basic (or a derived class B) because
331 * then the constructor doesn't have to duplicate the object onto the heap.
332 * See ex::construct_from_basic(const basic &) for more information.
334 template<class B, typename... Args>
335 inline B & dynallocate(Args &&... args)
337 return const_cast<B &>(static_cast<const B &>((new B(std::forward<Args>(args)...))->setflag(status_flags::dynallocated)));
339 /** Constructs a new (class basic or derived) B object on the heap.
341 * This function is needed for GiNaC classes which have public ctors from
342 * initializer lists of expressions (which are not a type and not captured
343 * by the variadic template version).
346 inline B & dynallocate(std::initializer_list<ex> il)
348 return const_cast<B &>(static_cast<const B &>((new B(il))->setflag(status_flags::dynallocated)));
353 #endif // ndef GINAC_BASIC_H